Total Economic Value of Maasai Mau, Trans Mara and Eastern Mau ...

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6.0 POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE FORESTBLOCKS IN RELATION TO TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE6.1 Policy Implications of the Current Status1. The current forest status in the three forest blocks is a product of seven factorsthat must be overcome in order to realize development of the three blocks torestore their ecological and economic functions:The history of institutionalfailures related to exclusivity in land tenure and property rights that have notbeen attractive to participation of the local people in conservation andmanagement of forests.2. Poor administration by under-funded KFS and the Narok County Council.3. Poor policy and legal framework for conservation of the forests.4. Favourable agricultural policies that have subsidized agriculture and developedhighly remunerative marketing infrastructure.5. Inadequate forest policy and legal framework that has provided insufficientincentives for forest conservation to thrive.6. High population rates that have led to land scarcity and high poverty prevalencehence the push towards encroaching and dependence on forests for land anddirect extraction of forest products and services for subsistence and livelihood.7. Market failures that have consistently not priced or under-priced or forestsgoods and services that have made forests less competitive as compared to otherland uses6.1.1 Community Direct UseThe Mara River Basin upper catchment areas represented by the three forest blockshave undergone tremendous land use transformation over the last 25 years. Thepopulation living within 5 km of public forests account for 10% of the country’spopulation and will increase at 2.5% per year, as will the direct demand on forest goodssuch as firewood, construction poles, timber, grazing and land for subsistenceagriculture. The inadequate administrative capacity of KFS and the Narok CountyCouncil will make it difficult to effectively manage the three forest blocks and ensuresustainable extraction of various forest goods and services by the communities that liveadjacent to the forest. The partnership structures with local communities are still in54
their infancy stages, hence forest management is still the exclusive duty of governmentagencies that are too thinly spread and under-funded to effectively manage large forestestates.6.1.2 BiodiversityThe Maasai, Mau and Trans Mara forests are part of the 22 forest blocks mainlycomprising plantation and indigenous forests that have been progressively excised overdecades to make way for human settlement; what remains now is restricted to the crestof the escarpment. Generally, the forest used to consist of heterogeneous patterns ofvegetation cover over the full stretch of the Mau Forest. Vascular plant species recordedin the forest are 280,200 genera and 95 families. A total of 64 tree species, 38 shrubs, 46climbers and 132 herbaceous species have been recorded in the forest (Mutungah andMwangi, 2006). Within this area, four distinct vegetation zones are obvious: bamboozone; mixed bamboo/forest transition; relatively closed canopy forest zone of Podocarpuslatifolius, Prunus africana, Albizia gummifera and Olea capensis species; and open canopyzone of Neoboutonia species habitat.The flora of the Mau forest has been greatly disturbed by humans throughunsustainable logging, bark stripping and other forms of harvesting. Recent individuallandholding allocation has induced tree felling and land clearing for agriculture.The Mau Forest fauna is reported to be unique owing to the high altitude, proximity tothe Guineo-Congolian biogeographical realm and savannah grassland (KIFCON, 1993).The savannah species consist of spotted hyena, rare golden cat, and yellow backedduiker. The bongo is also present, especially within the South-west Mau Reserve. Arange of forest primates such as the red-tailed blue monkey, bush babies, and white andblack colobus monkeys and carnivores such as leopards are also present. Among thelarger mammals, only elephants are present and they are restricted mainly to theWestern Mau, South-west Mau and Trans Mara. The Mau Forest Complex has a richand diverse invertebrate fauna. A total of 29 orders have been identified. Over 200species of butterflies are found in the forest, at least 20 of which are known to be forestdependent species (KIFCON, 1993).55
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2011THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUEOF MAAS
Page 3: Executive SummaryThe Mau Forest Com
Page 9 and 10: 6.0 POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE CURR
Page 11 and 12: Table 4: Roundwood production from
Page 13 and 14: • Widespread perception on resour
Page 15 and 16: Economic valuation of forest goods
Page 17 and 18: 2.0 METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ECONOMIC
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.3 Prices of SubstitutesThe pric
Page 21 and 22: with interest ranging from the impa
Page 23 and 24: watershed protection functions are
Page 25 and 26: Nakuru. The south-western watershed
Page 27 and 28: 3.0 THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF THR
Page 29 and 30: Unit price 100 100 15,700 1,000 1,0
Page 31 and 32: 3.1.2 Direct Use by the Ogiek Commu
Page 33 and 34: The upper catchment of the Mara Riv
Page 35 and 36: the river. Because we did not obtai
Page 37 and 38: The role of the Mara Basin in touri
Page 39: The value of the carbon stock outli
Page 42 and 43: 4.0 ASSESSING THE DISTRIBUTION OF T
Page 44 and 45: We obtained an estimated number of
Page 46 and 47: Figure 4: The distribution of the i
Page 48 and 49: Figure 5: Distribution of benefits
Page 50 and 51: For the local communities living ne
Page 52 and 53: staff in coordination, management a
Page 56 and 57: The Mau forest contains a rich dive
Page 58 and 59: domestic and industrial uses can be
Page 60 and 61: Table 11: The impacts of current st
Page 62 and 63: 8. Resettling the Ogiek community a
Page 64 and 65: economic conditions exist for local
Page 66 and 67: Innovative conservation incentives
Page 68 and 69: to restrict or forbid future develo
Page 70 and 71: practices would be best for some ke
Page 72 and 73: egimes of the forests. In order to
Page 74 and 75: Hodgson, G., and J. A. Dixon. 1988.
Page 76 and 77: Services in the Mara River Basin. G
Page 78 and 79: national income and livelihood of p
Page 80 and 81: 7. Duration of AssignmentThe consul
Page 82 and 83: for 40 litres of water equivalent t
Page 84 and 85: Appendix 3: The checklist of data c
Page 86 and 87: TanzaniaConservation,SUA NationalAg
Page 88 and 89: Appendix 6: Relationship between to
Page 90 and 91: Appendix 8: Rapid result questionna
Page 92 and 93: Appendix 10: Categorization of stak
Page 94 and 95: Appendix 12: The Mara River Basin94
Page 96: Appendix 14: Valuation approaches f
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Total Economic Value of Maasai Mau, Trans Mara and Eastern Mau ...

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