Total Economic Value of Maasai Mau, Trans Mara and Eastern Mau ...

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domestic and industrial uses can be very high. For example, the processing of waterfrom the sediment loaded Sabaki River by the Sabaki River Water Works that providewater to Malindi is estimated to cost over US$ 1 million in primary settling basins andclarifiers. Furthermore, it was estimated that US$ 1.5 million was required to replace thepumpsets whose lifespan was reduced to half the planned working period due tounexpected sedimentation loads (Mogaka, 2005). The abrasion by stones, sand and logsmoved by floods have also affected water works and widened river courses, thusincreasing water loss through evaporation.The same cost implications may apply to major urbanizing centres along the river basinsuch as Bomet, Mulot and Musoma which have to purify water, especially from theheavily sediment loaded Amala River. These costs can be minimized if properconservation strategies are implemented along the basin. The small portion of theexpected saving in avoided costs can be used in conservation activities in the key foreststhat serve the river. The water that flows from the upper catchments during the criticaldry season have been decreasing and thus affecting ability of the Mara River Basin toprovide adequate water to various economic sectors in the lower zones. These sectorsinclude the fast growing population along the rivers, urbanizing centres and irrigatedagriculture. The combined costs of seeking alterative water sources and purification ofheavily polluted water can be substantial. These costs could be minimized using bestland use practices including conservation of the upper catchments. These high costs ofpurification will increase the costs of water provision to the stakeholders whiledecreasing the real value to the water as a commodity as a proportion of the paid uprates thus relegating the catchment conservation benefit as most of the costs are takenup by processing costs. .6.1.6. TourismTourism is one of the leading sectors in the Kenyan economy, accounting for 12% of thegross domestic product and 9% of the wage employment. The sector generated KES 65.4billion (US$ 872,000) in 2007. It is one of the major economic drivers in the Vision 2030strategy due to its potential to generate revenue for government with the multiplier58
effects of supporting various commercial enterprises while creating demand for locallyproduced goods and services.The two prime tourist attractions for Kenya and Tanzania are tied to the ability of theMara River Basin to provide sufficient water to keep the animals within the protectedareas. The demand for water continues to increase in the upper and middle zones of theriver basin and is therefore likely to affect the downstream wildlife sanctuaries of Maraand Serengeti. The famous wildlife migration in the Serengeti/Mara plains is driven bythe search for pasture and water. The spectacular scene of large numbers of wildlifecrossing the Mara River has been classified as one of the wonders of the world.Significant changes in water supplies from the Mara River and the Mara River Basinecosystems would seriously affect the wildlife sectors of Trans Mara and Serengetiwhich generate large amounts of foreign exchange, support many enterprises andcreate employment opportunities.6.1.5 WetlandsThe land use changes in the upper Mara River catchments (mostly increased settlementsand agricultural activities) have increased flooding frequency and peaks withsubsequent build up of sediments in the lower end of the flood plains. The increasedsedimentation on the flood plains increased the area under wetlands by 38% between1986 and 2003 to 1,394.4 km 2 and displaced many people, adversely affecting theirlivelihood based agricultural activities (Khroda, 2010 )6.2 The Impacts of Current Status on the Total Economic ValuesResults in Table 11 show that in general the current activities in the three forest blockswill reduce the ecosystem stocks and flows hence their total economic values if nourgent intervention to reverse the trend is undertaken. The impacts of the current statuson the total economic values of the forest blocks are similar and therefore arecrosscutting. Except for the status of wetlands, most factors will negatively affect thestock and flows of goods and hence the elements of the aggregated goods and servicesoutlined in TEV.59
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2011THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUEOF MAAS
Page 3:
Executive SummaryThe Mau Forest Com
Page 9 and 10: 6.0 POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE CURR
Page 11 and 12: Table 4: Roundwood production from
Page 13 and 14: • Widespread perception on resour
Page 15 and 16: Economic valuation of forest goods
Page 17 and 18: 2.0 METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ECONOMIC
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.3 Prices of SubstitutesThe pric
Page 21 and 22: with interest ranging from the impa
Page 23 and 24: watershed protection functions are
Page 25 and 26: Nakuru. The south-western watershed
Page 27 and 28: 3.0 THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF THR
Page 29 and 30: Unit price 100 100 15,700 1,000 1,0
Page 31 and 32: 3.1.2 Direct Use by the Ogiek Commu
Page 33 and 34: The upper catchment of the Mara Riv
Page 35 and 36: the river. Because we did not obtai
Page 37 and 38: The role of the Mara Basin in touri
Page 39: The value of the carbon stock outli
Page 42 and 43: 4.0 ASSESSING THE DISTRIBUTION OF T
Page 44 and 45: We obtained an estimated number of
Page 46 and 47: Figure 4: The distribution of the i
Page 48 and 49: Figure 5: Distribution of benefits
Page 50 and 51: For the local communities living ne
Page 52 and 53: staff in coordination, management a
Page 54 and 55: 6.0 POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE CURR
Page 56 and 57: The Mau forest contains a rich dive
Page 60 and 61: Table 11: The impacts of current st
Page 62 and 63: 8. Resettling the Ogiek community a
Page 64 and 65: economic conditions exist for local
Page 66 and 67: Innovative conservation incentives
Page 68 and 69: to restrict or forbid future develo
Page 70 and 71: practices would be best for some ke
Page 72 and 73: egimes of the forests. In order to
Page 74 and 75: Hodgson, G., and J. A. Dixon. 1988.
Page 76 and 77: Services in the Mara River Basin. G
Page 78 and 79: national income and livelihood of p
Page 80 and 81: 7. Duration of AssignmentThe consul
Page 82 and 83: for 40 litres of water equivalent t
Page 84 and 85: Appendix 3: The checklist of data c
Page 86 and 87: TanzaniaConservation,SUA NationalAg
Page 88 and 89: Appendix 6: Relationship between to
Page 90 and 91: Appendix 8: Rapid result questionna
Page 92 and 93: Appendix 10: Categorization of stak
Page 94 and 95: Appendix 12: The Mara River Basin94
Page 96: Appendix 14: Valuation approaches f
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Total Economic Value of Maasai Mau, Trans Mara and Eastern Mau ...

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