fra-2014-being-trans-eu-comparative_en

Violence and harassmentType of hate‐motivated violenceThe most common recent incident was a threat of violence(60 %). In four out of 10 cases (40 %) the respondentsreported an actual attack. This result concerns onlythe most recent incident suffered in the 12 months precedingthe survey. Other, perhaps more serious, incidentsmight have taken place in the same time period.Because of the total low numbers of trans respondentswith experience of hate‐motivated incidents (N=540),the different types of incidents were recoded into‘physical and/or sexual attacks’ and ‘physical and/orsexual threats’. A breakdown by identity group showsthat female cross dressers, gender variant respondentsand male cross dressers are the most likely to indicatehaving experienced physical and/or sexual attacks.All other identity groups indicate more threats thanactual attacks (Figure 37). There is no notable differencebetween attacks or threats of a sexual versus ofa physical nature between the different identity groups.Perpetrators of hate motivated violence andthreats of violence“I find most problems I face come from strangers inpublic spaces. I don’t think I’m very obviously trans butquite a few people – particularly teenagers – spot me.”(Transsexual, 39, United Kingdom)In the survey, victims of violence were asked to giveinformation about the perpetrators, both with respectto the most recent incident they encountered in theyear preceding the survey and the one that they consideredthe most serious in the five years precedingthe survey. The answers to both queries are strikinglysimilar, sketching a general profile of perpertrators asunknown, male, heterosexual and acting in groups.As can be seen in Table 3, however, almost one in 10trans respondent indicates that the perpetrators belongto their own household. Further data analysis showsthat for hate‐motivated violence that took place inthe 12 months preceding the survey, the number ofhousehold‐based perpetrators rises to one in four inthe groups of trans men and of queer/other identifiedrespondents. These are not (only) young people whomight suffer violence from older household members:the age at which respondents are most vulnerable tohate‐motivated violence perpetrated by a householdmembers is between 40 and 54 years old.Another striking finding is that in one in three casesthe perpetrator was identified as a teenager (ora group of teenagers). This percentage climbs to 51 %for respondents aged 18–24 and to 72 % for trans menaged 18–24.“I am actually afraid to go to Athens Pride, because thereis this awful organisation named ‘Golden Dawn’. Theysupport Hitler and admire Nazis, so they hate homosexualsand want us dead. They are powerful. All I want is to befree to be myself, but how can I do that if I’m in danger”?(Transgender, 18, Greece)Figure 37: Most recent incident of hate‐motivated attack or threat,by type of incident and identity group (%)EU trans averageTrans womenTrans menFemale cross dressers*Male cross dressersTransgenderGender variantQueer/other39 60 140 57 324 7663 3749 49 239 60 150 5032 680 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Physical and/or sexual attackPhysical and/or sexual threatDon't knowQuestion:Note:Base:FA1_4. Thinking about the LAST physical/sexual attack or threat of violence, what happened to you? Recoded.*Cases with fewer than 30 responses.EU LGBT survey respondents who were physically/sexually attacked or threatened with violence in the 12 months beforethe survey partly or entirely because they were perceived to be trans.Source: FRA, EU LGBT survey, 201257