Safety_Series_015_1965 - gnssn - International Atomic Energy ...

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This publication is not longer validPlease see http://www-ns.iaea.org/standards/Fig. 6bFlow net for inverted 5-spot system with 2. 5°Jo o f total flowconducted betw een any two adjacent solid streamlines.low-pressure operation the greatest single hazard to successful disposalis the accidental reduction of permeability in the annulus ofthe formation surrounding the bore. It may be caused by suspendedsolids in the disposal liquid or by chemical incompatibility betweenthe injected waste and the rock or the naturally resident fluids. Suspendedsolids do not usually enter a rock formation but cling to theface of the injection area,creating an impermeable blanket. Thismay be dispersed by acidizing or hydraulic fracturing, but fractur-26
This publication is not longer validPlease see http://www-ns.iaea.org/standards/INJECTIONWELLRELIEFWELLFEET„__________________HUNDREDS OE J iE E I___________________________ _ 1Fig. 7Radial m igration o f radionuclides from in jection w ell towards relie f wells.D ifferential sorptive characteristics causes separation betw een nuclides.ing works only if the permeability has been so reduced that it willsustain the necessary pressures.Provided that the waste solution and the formation are compatible,other desirable criteria are that the reservoir be preferably madeof sandstone, water-saturated, and of sufficient areal extent thatthe injected fluids may flow at low velocities from the bore to displaceand compress the formation fluid. It is essential that the overlyingstrata permit the w ell-casing to be cemented completelythroughout its length and that they have low vertical permeability sothat there is no migration of waste solution upwards in the surroundingannulus nor intercommunication with fluids in superimposedformations.The examination of salt formations has been promoted becauseof their abundance and broad distribution [38], because they are inherentlydry and because rock salt has unusually attractive properties.It has a compressive strength similar to that of concrete blitunlike concrete and most other common rocks it flows plasticallywhen subjected to high stress concentrations and in so doing relieves27
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