Human Trafficking and Smuggling: the Process, the

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Points of unauthorised entry to Turkey:Armenian-Georgian BorderIğdır/Diluca, Kars/Digor-Tuzluca, Ardahan/Posof, Artvin/SarpIranian BorderKüçük Ağrı Dağı/Doğubeyazıt, Van 23 /Özalp-Başkale 24 ,Hakkari/YüksekovaIraqi BorderHakkari/Şemdilli-Cukurca, Şırnak/UludereSyrian BorderŞanlıurfa/Suruç-Mert Village-Akçakale Village Hatay/Yayladağı-Güveççi Köyü, Altunözü-Turfanda-Avuttepe villages, Hatay/KarbeyazVillage, Hatay/Reyhanlı, Hatay/Samandağı, Hatay/İskenderun-Arsussection, Adana/Karataş section-the zone where Seyhan and Ceyhanrivers merge with the Mediterranean Sea, Gaziantep/Islahiye-Karababaarea.Zones from which to exit Turkey, located in the Aegean andMediterranean Sea regions:Antalya/Kaş-Meis Island; Muğla/Datça-Simi Island; Bodrum-KosIsland; Aydın/Didim-Kuşadası coast, Sisam Island; Edirne/Pazarkule-2324In Van, there were around 40,000 transit migrants, 16,000 were identified asylumseekers and the rest were not considered in this category. This was observed by UmitBayazoglu in 2000. Asylum seekers had to line up everyday and sign in the policestation. Sometimes they have to arrive at six AM in the morning and wait to sign until12 PM.Baskale is district on the Iran-Turkey border. Many refugees from Iran, Iraq andPakistan arrive in Baskale. They are transferred to Van by cars and horses alternativelyin through a circuitous route to avoid the check points. From Baskale to Van eachperson pays 500 $US.20
Karaağaç; Trakya/Meriç-Sufli; Trakya/Kumdere-Paşaköy-Karpuzlu-İpsala Enez sector; Istanbul Airport. 25The Balkan routes, which are connected to Turkey, are well utilized inreaching Western Europe. Along with the land routes, air routes are alsoutilized in the Balkans. The most commonly used air route from BlackAfrica and North Africa to Southeast Europe via Turkey is: Dakar -Tunis-Istanbul- Sarajevo. An interview with an African informant livingin Istanbul revealed that young men from Ghana, Gambia, Senegal andNigeria travel to Dakar from where they reach Tunis and then Istanbul.They stay in Istanbul a few days and proceed to Bosnia-Herzegovina.Sarajevo airport is a key point in transiting to Western Europe, as AmraKebo reports: "Minutes after a flight from Tehran or Istanbul touchesdown, an exotic mix of Turkish, Arabic and Farsi reverberates aroundSarajevo airport's arrival terminal. Once some of these arrivals passcustoms control, they will simply disappear, hooking up with criminalswho will attempt to smuggle them into Western Europe." 26 The force ispitifully inadequate given that there are 426 different official and illegalcrossings along the country's 1616 km border.There are four basic Balkan routes according to the UN and the IOM.Three involve smuggling the immigrants across the Croatian border - atBihac, Srebrenik and Brcko. The fourth ferries them from the Adriaticcoast to Italy. The head of the UN mission in Bosnia, Jacques Klein saidthat immigrants paid smugglers between 2,000 and 10,000 Germanmarks in 200-2001, depending on their country of origin. 27 In Klein’sopinion, as a part of the deal, there is an unwritten rule that, if captured,the traffickers will help immigrants twice more. Those who fail on thethird attempt are left to try and make it across the frontier by themselves.The smuggling operation is fraught with danger. The immigrants are252627For the data on unauthorized entry to Turkey, See Tolga Şardan, "Satılık Hayat Var"(Life for Sale), Milliyet, July 17, 2000. Some illegal migrants depart Turkey fromIstanbul airport by fraud documents.See article "Illegal immigrants flock to Bosnia in the hope of being smuggled intoWestern Europe". By Amra Kebo in Sarajevo (BCR No. 213, 29-Jan-2001).See article "Illegal immigrants flock to Bosnia in the hope of being smuggled intoWestern Europe". By Amra Kebo in Sarajevo (BCR No. 213, 29-Jan-2001).21
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