Human Trafficking and Smuggling: the Process, the

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• Crossing the borders with forged documents 33 ;• Crossing the borders on foot or riding donkeys and horses.Human smuggling in the region is executed by the organized crimenetworks operating in Turkey and in the Balkan countries, and secondlyby the terrorist groups who need money to finance their activities.The human smuggling networks are not hierarchically organised andcentralized. They are loose and flexible networks in the form of spiderweb.They can accommodate individuals and groups who would getinvolve in human smuggling only once in their life time or those who areplanning to stay in the "business" for a long period of time. They canrecruit individuals without any criminal record as well as those linked toterrorist organizationsOrganized crime and drug trafficking co-exit and exert a crimemultiplier for militias, guerrillas and terrorists. There is a relationshipbetween the organized crime and the illegal migration of labor since theorganized crime organizes human trafficking and illegal employment inTurkey and the Balkans.Human Smuggling Statistics in Turkish SourcesWho are the smuggled people and smugglers? What is the number of thesmuggled people and smugglers?The Ankara Chief of Security provides hard data on human smuggling atpress conferences on regular intervals. The Human Rights Associationand Foundation, which obtains information from the police andgendermeria, also publishes reports offering hard data on the number of33Fraudulent documents are obtained from various sources. One of them is from Turkishpeople living abroad who might sell to human smugglers their passports containing aresidence permit in a European Union country. They change the photos in the passportsand give them to Iraqis, Iranians and Turkish people who plan to enter the EuropeanUnion countries. Preparation of such documents at central bus stations in Turkey hasalso been observed.24
illegal migrants and those charged with human smuggling and theirnationalities.According to the Ankara Security Chief Feyzullah Arslan, in the years of1995-2002, 346,940 illegal migrants were detained. The figure reached418, 977 in May 2003. 34 In addition to this, in May 2003, 2,663 peoplewho were suspected of entering Turkey with false documents wereidentified and expelled.The same figure was 11,044 in 2002; 15,208 in 2001; 24,504 in 2000;6,069 in 1999. 35 In the years of 1999 and 2002, 45,779 illegal migrants'transits were precluded and 2,520 smugglers were arrested. 36Table 1 (below) shows the figures on the number of illegal migrantscaptured each year. The origin countries are Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran,Iraq and Bangladesh.343536Milli Gazete, June 14, 2003). “Insan Kaçakçılığına Geçit Yok).Milli Gazete, June 14, 2003 “Insan Kaçakçılığına Geçit Yok.Hurriyet 28 June, 2002.25
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Page 23 and 24: Tables 3a-3c: 157 Helpline Statisti
Page 25: Breakdown of VoTs’ Countries of O
Page 29: • UN Convention on transnational

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