Ghana - Amnesty International

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3. GEOGRAPHIC JURISDICTION OTHER THAN UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION ................... 174. LEGISLATION PROVIDING FOR UNIVERSAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION ..................... 194.1. Ordinary crimes................................................................................................ 204.2. Crimes under national law of international concern .............................................. 204.3. Crimes under international law .......................................................................... 264.3.1. War crimes................................................................................................ 264.3.1.1. War crimes in international armed conflict: Grave breaches of the 1949Geneva Conventions.......................................................................................... 284.3.1.2. War crimes in international armed conflict: Grave breaches of the 1977Protocol I......................................................................................................... 294.3.1.3. War crimes in international armed conflict: 1998 Rome Statute, othertreaties and customary international law ............................................................. 304.3.1.4. War crimes in non-international armed conflict: Common Article 3 of theGeneva Conventions, 1977 Protocol II, Rome Statute, other conventional internationallaw and customary international law ................................................................... 404.3.2. Crimes against humanity............................................................................. 484.3.3. Genocide .................................................................................................. 614.3.4. Torture...................................................................................................... 634.3.5. Extrajudicial executions.............................................................................. 634.3.6. Enforced disappearances ............................................................................ 644.3.7. Aggression ................................................................................................ 655. JURISDICTION OVER CIVIL CLAIMS FOR REPARATION ............................................ 665.1. Universal jurisdiction over civil claims in civil cases............................................. 665.2. Civil claims in criminal proceedings ................................................................... 675.3. The right to reparation of victims in civil proceedings........................................... 675.4. The rights of victims during civil proceedings ...................................................... 685.4.1. Notice of the rights of victims ..................................................................... 68
5.4.2. Protection..................................................................................................685.4.3. Support .....................................................................................................685.4.4. Notice of developments...............................................................................685.4.5. Participation ..............................................................................................695.4.6. Representation...........................................................................................695.5. Other aspects of civil claims procedures..............................................................696. OBSTACLES TO THE EXERCISE OF CRIMINAL OR CIVIL JURISDICTION.....................706.1. Flawed or missing definitions of crimes under international law, principles of criminalresponsibility or defences .........................................................................................706.1.1. Definitions of crimes...................................................................................706.1.2. Principles of criminal responsibility ..............................................................706.1.3. Defences ...................................................................................................726.2. Presence requirements in order to open an investigation or request extradition........796.3. Statutes of limitations applicable to crimes under international law .......................806.4. Double criminality ............................................................................................816.5. Immunities ......................................................................................................816.6. Bars on retroactive application of international criminal law in national law or othertemporal restrictions ................................................................................................836.7. Ne bis in idem..................................................................................................846.8. Political control over decisions to investigate and prosecute ..................................856.9. Discrimination in law and practice......................................................................856.10. Restrictions on the rights of victims and their families........................................866.11. Amnesties......................................................................................................867. EXTRADITION AND MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE....................................................897.1. Extradition .......................................................................................................89
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WHEtHER IN A HIgH-PRoFILECoNFLICt o
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Ghana - Amnesty International

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