Ghana - Amnesty International

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46GHANA: END IMPUNITY THROUGH UNIVERSAL JURISDICTIONNo Safe Haven Series No. 10defined in Ghanaian law in a manner that is consistent with international law, as the GenevaConventions Act criminalizes all violations of the Geneva Conventions and their AdditionalProtocols. 143 The chart also indicates that Ghana has authorized its courts to exercise universaljurisdiction over these crimes.CHART VI. RULES OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW APPLICABLE TO NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT WHICH, IF VIOLATED, COULD LEAD TO INDIVIDUALCRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WAR CRIMESRule of customary internationalhumanitarian lawDefined in nationallaw (citation to anyrelevant provision)Universal jurisdiction(citation to any relevantprovision)Use of biological weapons 144 NO NOUse of chemical weapons 145 NO NOUse of non-detectable fragments 146 NO NOUse of binding laser weapons 147 NO NOLaunching an indiscriminate attackresulting in death or injury to civilians,or an attack in the knowledge that itwill cause excessive Incidental civilianloss, injury or damage 148NONOMaking non-defended localities anddemilitarized zones the object ofNONO143Geneva Conventions Act, 2009 (Act 780), sect. 1 (1) & (3).144Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 73 (The use of biological weapons is prohibited).145Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 74 (The use of chemical weapons is prohibited).146Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 79 (The use of weapons the primary effect of which is toinjure by fragments which are not detectable by X-rays in the human body is prohibited).147Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 86 (The use of laser weapons that are specifically designed,as their combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced visionis prohibited).148Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 11 (Indiscriminate attacks are prohibited); Rule 156(Serious violations of international humanitarian law constitute war crimes).149Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 36 (Directing an attack against a demilitarized zone agreedupon between the parties to the conflict is prohibited); Rule 37 (Directing an attack against a non-defendedlocality is prohibited); Rule 156 (Serious violations of international humanitarian law constitute war crimes).Amnesty International November 2012 Index: AFR 28/004/2012
GHANA: END IMPUNITY THROUGH UNIVERSAL JURISDICTIONNo Safe Haven Series No. 1047CHART VI. RULES OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW APPLICABLE TO NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT WHICH, IF VIOLATED, COULD LEAD TO INDIVIDUALCRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WAR CRIMESRule of customary internationalhumanitarian lawDefined in nationallaw (citation to anyrelevant provision)Universal jurisdiction(citation to any relevantprovision)attack 149Using human shields 150 NO NOSlavery 151Criminal Code, 1960(Act 29), sect. 314(all victims)Courts Act, 1993 (Act459), sect. 56 (4) (a) (allvictims)Geneva ConventionsAct, 2009 (Act 780),sect. 1 (3) (victimswho are civilians orhors de combat)Geneva Conventions Act,2009 (Act 780), sect. 1(4) (victims who arecivilians or hors decombat)Collective punishments 152Geneva ConventionsAct, 2009 (Act 780),sect. 1 (3) (victimswho are civilians andhors de combat)Geneva Conventions Act,2009 (Act 780), sect. 1(4) (victims who arecivilians or hors decombat)Use of poison 153 NO NOUse of toxic gases 154 NO NO150Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 97 (The use of human shields is prohibited); Rule 156(Serious violations of international humanitarian law constitute war crimes).151Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule 94 (Slavery and the slave trade in all their forms areprohibited); Rule 156 (Serious violations of international humanitarian law constitute war crimes).152The prohibition of collective punishments is stated in Additional Protocol II. Customary InternationalHumanitarian Law, Rule 103 (Collective punishments are prohibited); Rule 156 (Serious violations ofinternational humanitarian law constitute war crimes).153The Review Conference of the Rome Statute adopted an amendment to Article 8 (2) (e) to make the use ofthis weapon in non-international armed conflict a war crime. RC/Res.5, Amendments to article 8 of the RomeStatute, adopted at the 12th plenary meeting, on 10 June 2010, by consensus (http://www.icccpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/Resolutions/RC-Res.5-ENG.pdf).154Rome Statute Review Conference, RC/Res.5 (2010).Index: AFR 28/004/2012 Amnesty International November 2012
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WHEtHER IN A HIgH-PRoFILECoNFLICt o
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