GEOLOGY OF THE - GNS Science

Table 1 Modified Mercalli Intensity scale (MM) (in part; summarised from Downes 1995).MM2MM 3MM4MM SMM6MM7MM8MM9MM 10Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors or favourably placed.Felt indoors; hanging objects may swing, vibration similar to passing of light trucks.Generally noticed indoors buf nof oufside.Light sleepers may be awakened.Vibration may be likened to passing of heavy traffic.Doors and windows rattle.Walls and frames of bUildings may be heard to creak.Generally felt outside, and by aimost everyone indoors.Most sleepers awakened.A few people alarmed.Some glassware and crockery may be broken.Open doors may swing.Felt by all.People and animals alarmed.Many run outside.Objects fall from sheives.Glassware and crockery broken.Unstable furniture overturned.Slight damage to some fypes of buildings.A few cases of chimney damage.Loose material may be dislodged from sloping ground.General alarm.Furniture moves on smooth floors.Unreinforced stone and brick walls crack.Some pre-earthquake code buildings damaged.Roof tiles may be dislodged.Many domestic chimneys broken.Small slides such as falls of sand and gravel banks.Some fine cracks appear in sloping ground.A few instances of liquefaction.Alarm may approach panic.Steering of cars greafly affecfed.Some serious damage fa pre-earthquake code masonry buildings.Mosf unreinforced domestic chimneys damaged, many brought down.Monuments and elevated tanks twisted or brought down .Some post-1980 brick veneer dwe llings damaged.Houses not secured to foundations may move.Cracks appear on steep slopes and in wet ground.Slides in roadside cuttings and unsupported excavations.Small earthquake fountains and other instances of liquefaction.Very poor quality unreinforced masonry desfroyed.Pre-earthquake code masonry buildings heavily damaged, some collapsing.Damage or distortion to some post-1980 buildings and bridges.Houses not secured to fou ndations shifted off.Brick veneers fall and expose framing.Conspicuous cracking of flat and sloping ground.General iandsliding on sfeep slopes.Liquefaction effects intensified, with large earthquake fou ntains and sand craters.Most unreinforced masonry structure destroyed.Many pre-earthquake code buildings destroyed.Many pre-1980 buildings and bridges seriously damaged.Many post-1980 bUildings and bridges moderately damaged or permanently distorted.Widespread cracking of flat and sloping ground.Widespread and severe landsliding on sloping ground.Widespread and severe liquefaction effects.5 1