BEECHER - NAWC

Water ComparedIndustries ComparedAs noted by the USGS, conservation also affects aggregate demand. Some forms ofconservation address average-day demand, while others address maximum-day demand; thisdistinction becomes important when considering if, and how, conservation might affectfacility requirements. The high ratio of fixed to variable costs in the water industry, as notedpreviously, means that reductions in demand through conservation usually require rateincreases in order for water utilities to cover fixed capital costs.1101009080II)...-c:70~.E 60.5 50II)CDc: 40:.:::i30-20100Number of Telephone Lines(1884 to 1996)--------~mcomom~---.....------------.-------LOm......com--+-- Residentialswitchedaccess lines-e- Businessswitchedaccess lines--specialAccess lines--+--Publicswitchedaccess-e-MobileswitchedaccessTelephone Dial-EquipmentMinutes and Calls(1980 to 1996)2,500 --,---------------------------Local dialequipmentminutes--+--Local calls~ 2,000 +---------------------=---...,-------=-----c: - _... -+-Interstate toll·E ___... _... dial-equipment5 1 ,500 ,... .......- minutes!!l-+-Intrastate toll~ dial-equipment0 1,000 minutes~ -~~~ill 5000a0com:-; : ;•=:•I I I ! ! ~ __.,_ Internationala • •minutes13 13 131313 El" ""..... N C') 'It U') co r-- co m 0 ..... N C') 'It U') co -&-Internationalco co co co co co co co co m m m m m m m0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> 0> calls..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....Note: Legends correspond to end-year graph values from top to bottom.NAWC29 September 1998