Words & ReflectionsPatriotism and JournalismEdward R. Murrow said, ‘The terror is right here in this room.’Embedded: Weapons of Mass Deception: How the Media Failed toCover the War on IraqDanny SchechterPrometheus Books. 286 Pages. $26.In a chapter entitled “What Can We DoAbout It?,” Mediachannel.org founderand media observer Danny Schechter,a 1978 <strong>Nieman</strong> Fellow, writes a posthumousletter to former CBS news correspondentEdward R. Murrow. In ithe wonders what happened to the kindof reportorial courage that Murrowshowed in his news coverage of SenatorJoe McCarthy’s hearings on Communistsin the United States. Excerptsfrom this letter follow.“Dear Ed:“I got the idea of writing to you aftervisiting the Edward Murrow School ofCommunication out in the wheat fieldsof Washington State. I had come todebate the coverage of the Iraq Warwith a group of mainstream journalists,who surprised me by how theywere willing to be candid outside theirinstitutional settings. …“Your work shaped my idea of whata journalist should be. Your guts intaking on [Senator] Joe McCarthy latershowed me that a reporter could standup for truth.“You used to talk about ‘illuminating’<strong>issue</strong>s, not just reporting them.“Anyway, here we are in 2003. Youhave been long gone, and I am trying tohonor your memory by pounding awayat what’s happened to media institutionsthat ‘back in the day’ showedsuch great promise. …“Your broadcasts are still listened toin journalism classes, still revered. Howmuch of the media coverage of the IraqWar will ever be regarded that way?Alas, so much of what we producetoday is forgettable, disposable, evenembarrassing. Sometimes it is thoughtof as a ‘product’ to be recycled intoretrospectives or used as archival materialas today’s breaking news becomesgrist for tomorrow’s History Channelspecials. …“What you had then is what so manyof today’s self-styled experts and oh, soauthoritative newscasters lack today—a sense of humility that admits thatnone of us are know-it-alls. It is a stancethat concedes that today’s news is justa first and often flawed draft of a historystill to be written. …“A final relevant recollection comesfrom one of your producers, JoeWershba, who wrote a book about yourwork and times. He tells of a momentwhen many at CBS had second thoughtsabout going after McCarthy’s Red Hunt.They wanted to kill the broadcast. Youobserved, as you listened but did notbow to the fears of your colleagues:‘The terror is right here in this room.’“And so it was—and so it is todaywhen journalists hesitate to challengethe dominant storyline for fear of appearingunpatriotic. …“Some things don’t change. Mediainstitutions remain citadels of conformity,conservatism and compromise.Courage is in short supply in ourunbrave world of news because it israrely encouraged or rewarded, especiallyif and when you deviate from thescript. Ask Peter Arnett. There is littlespace, airtime or support for thoseindividuals in the media who standalone, who do it their way, who attimes dissent to challenge the paradigmor who suspect that today’s emperorhas no clothes. …“This book looks at how media outletsbought this whole distorted story,and then brought it to the rest of us. …Many media people remain defensive,far more willing to point theirfingers at government deception thantheir own. ‘I really want to read a bookby someone who wasn’t there,’ was thedismissive response I received when Ioffered to send this book to a militarycorrespondent on a newspaper in Atlanta.“That may sound like [a] fair point.But the fact is that many of those whowere there had no idea of the picturethat most of [us] were getting, or howit was hyped, exaggerated and shorn ofcontext. The value of news has to beevaluated by its consumers, not its originators.…“Perhaps it’s too soon for many inthe media to recognize these truths. Atthe same time, I am sure that much ofwhat I have to say, and perhaps evenhow I say it, is far too ‘unobjective’ formany in the media trenches to ‘get.’Most distrust personality-inflected commentaryfrom independent journalistswho deviate or dissent from the straightand narrow, or even from the morepredictable left-right divide. …“So Ed, I just wanted you to knowthat war reporting today has becomejust as controversial as some of yourprograms on the red scare were wayback when. …“My hunch is that the analysis offeredin these pages may have seemedtoo far out to some in the war’s immediateaftermath but will, in its essentials,be accepted down the line. …As you put it once, ‘the obscure wesee eventually. The completely apparenttakes a little longer.’” ■82 <strong>Nieman</strong> Reports / Winter 2003
Words & Reflections‘Baghdad Blues: A War Diary’A photojournalist documents daily life during war.Baghdad Blues: A War DiaryDavid TurnleyMagowan Publishing LLC and The Vendome Press. 160 Pages. $25.“… In February I was given an extraordinaryopportunity by Eason Jordan ofCNN to go [to] the gulf region, whereI served as a correspondent mixingvideo, photography, and on-air reporting.My brief early on was to work in thesurrounding countries and along theborder of Iraq to tell stories of peoplewho were in some way affected bySaddam Hussein’s regime, and to put ahuman face on the population of theregion.“For the first month and a half of mythree months in the Middle East forCNN, I worked in Syria and then inTurkey in the Kurdish-controlled areaalong the border of Iraq. As the warapproached, our plan was to be in aposition to enter northern Iraq, whichwas held by the Kurds, and to eventuallyget to Baghdad to cover the warfrom there. The only two ways to getinto northern Iraq were through Iranor through Turkey, but both routeswere shut off––officially, at least. Icouldn’t get a visa from Iran, and theTurks would not allow me to crosstheir border legally. For the first timein my 20 years of covering conflict, Iresorted to being smuggled, first inSyria and from there into northernIraq. This is where my story begins. …“The photographs in this book weretransmitted to CNN in Atlanta everyday of the war, and many were seen ontelevision, with me as narrator.‘Baghdad Blues’ is the culmination ofmy personal experience during thistime. As a photographer, I am accustomedto communicating about theworld visually, but in this book mywords and images work together toconvey the immensely human story oflife during the war in Iraq.” ■David Turnley, a 1998 <strong>Nieman</strong>Fellow, is a Pulitzer Prize-winningphotojournalist.Kurdish children stand in the doorway of a home in the village of Handek in Turkey along theborder with northern Iraq. Photo by David Turnley.<strong>Nieman</strong> Reports / Winter 2003 83