Java™ Application Development on Linux - Dator

56Chapter 3An Experienced Programmer’s Introduction to JavaTable 3.1 Arithmetic and logical Java operators in order of precedenceOperators[] .- ++ -- ! ~(type) new* / %+ -> >>>< > =instanceof== !=&^|&&||?:= += -= *= /=%= =>>>= &= ^= |=Explanationarray indexing, member referenceunary operators: negate, increment, decrement, logical-not, bitwise-notcoercion, or casting to a different type; creating a new objectmultiplication, division, remainderaddition, subtractionshift-left, shift-right-sign-extend, shift-right-zero-fillless-than, greater-than, less-or-equal, greater-or-equal, comparing objecttypesequal, not-equalbitwise-and (boolean for boolean operands with no short-circuit) *bitwise-xor (with boolean operands it is a boolean-xor) **bitwise-or (boolean for boolean operands with no short-circuit) *logical-and (with short-circuit) *logical-or (with short-circuit) *Inline if expression, e.g., a ? b : c says, if a is true, then the valueis b, else it is c.Assignment; those with an operator, as in a op= b will perform theoperation a op b then assign the result back to a.* In Java there are two ways to do a boolean AND operation: using & or &&. Remember thatfor “a AND b”, if either is false, then the result is false. That means that if “a” isfalse, there is no need to evaluate “b” because it will not affect the result. Skipping theevaluation of “b” in this case is called short-circuiting. Java will use short-circuit evaluationwhen using the && operator, but not &. The same applies to the OR operators || and |where Java can short-circuit on a true evaluation of the first operand for ||. This is animportant distinction when “a” and “b” are not just simple variable references but rathermethod calls or other complex expressions, especially ones with side effects.** XOR is exclusive or, where the result of “a XOR b” is true if “a” or “b” is true, but notboth. For bitwise operands, “a” and “b” refer here to bits in the operand; for booleanoperands it is the one value. Examples: 5^6 is 3; true^false is true but true^trueis false.