ix. Mark M. Brinson, Richard D. Rheinhardt, F. Richard Hauer,Lyndon C. Lee, Wade L. Nutter, R. DanielSmith, Dennis Whigham; A Guidebook for Application of Hydrogeomorphic Assessments to RiverineWetlands (WRP-DE-11), US Army Corps of Engineers, 1995, Vicksburgx. Resolution IX.1 Annex E I - Guidelines for the rapid assessment of inland, coastal and marine wetlandbiodiversity, Ramsa Convention, Kampala, 2005xi. Mack, John J., Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands, Manual for Using Version 5.0, Ohio EPATechnical Bulletin Wetland/2001-1-1. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water,401 Wetland Ecology Unit, Columbus, Ohio, 2001xii. Collins, J.N., E.D. Stein, M. Sutula, R. Clark, A.E. Fetscher, L. Grenier, C. Grosso, and A. Wiskind,California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM) for Wetlands, v. 5.0.1. 151 pp. 2007xiii. SLS 722: Tolerance limits for inland surface waters used as raw water for public water supply, Sri LankaStandards Institution, Sri Lanka, 1985WWW-YES 2008, Paris 13 – 16 May 2008 85WWW-YES 2008, Paris 13 – 16 May 2008 86
INTRODUCTION10 Collaborative Decision Making within theContext of Integrated Water ResourcesManagement in Langat River Basin, MalaysiaRahmah Elfithri 1 Mazlin B. Mokhtar 2 Abdul Hadi Harman Shah 3Shaharudin Idrus 41 Fellow, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM BANGI, Selangor, MalaysiaE-mail: elfith@ukm.my2 Director & Principal Fellow, Institute for Environment and Development(LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM BANGI, Selangor,MalaysiaE-mail: mazlin@ukm.my3 Associate Fellow, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM BANGI, Selangor, MalaysiaE-mail: aharmans@ukm.my4 Senior Fellow, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM BANGI, Selangor, MalaysiaE-mail: dinn6358@ukm.myABSTRACTThis paper explained the study on Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) that hasbeen done in Langat River Basin, Malaysia. This study looks at several issues on CDMamong agencies that are related to water resource management in Langat Basin, byusing the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as an approach towardssustainability governance. This study analyses the structure and the inter-relationsbetween some characteristics of collaboration and local capacity; to investigate thedecision making process that is related to water resources management in LangatBasin; and to assess the potential and the problems of CDM among agencies that arerelated to water resources management in Langat Basin, Malaysia. There are somefactors that influenced the application of CDM in this basin that need to be given moreattention and actions. The concept of CDM is also need to be clearly understand andwell known as an important mechanism in water resources management.Key words: collaborative, decision making, integrated, Langat, management, waterresources.The concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) was already recognized inagenda 21 of the United Nations “Earth Summit” on Environmental and Development that washeld in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) inJohannesburg in 2002, the international community has also took an important step towardsmore sustainable patterns of water management by develop IWRM and water efficiency planswith support to developing countries (Mokhtar, et al, 2004).The World Summit on Sustainable Development has identified several key issues andchallenges and proposed many actions to meet the challenges, with increasing focus on watersupply and sanitation as well as the need for improved frameworks for Integrated WaterResources Management (IWRM) and water governance at all levels (WEHAB WorkingGroup, 2002).IWRM may be defined as “a process that promotes the co-ordinated development andmanagement of water, land and related resources in order to maximise the resultant economicvalue and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability ofvital ecosystems” (GWP-TEC, 2004). IWRM is a comprehensive approach to the developmentand management of water, addressing its management both as a resources and the frameworkfor provision of water services.IWRM includes social, economic, and environmental factors in the planning, development,monitoring and protection of land and water resources. Hence, IWRM is not limited toaddressing just physical relationships or water resources characteristics. It also includes wateras an integral part of the ecosystem, a finite natural resource, and a social and economic good(Davis & Hirji, 2003).IWRM planning process takes a more flexible and dynamic approach to planning thedevelopment and management of water resources (GWP-ToolBox, 2003). National IWRMplans include actions necessary to develop an effective framework of policies, legislation,financing structures, capable institutions with clearly defined roles and a set of managementinstruments. The purpose of such framework is to effectively regulate the use, conservationand protection of the water resources, balancing requirements for broad economicdevelopment and the need to sustain ecosystems. The emphasis here is on the process ofestablishing priorities and actions for IWRM, which include ecosystem protection andconservation.Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) as a sub-set of IWRM deals with management atthe basin level involving aspects like water allocation, pollution control, flood control, etc(Clausen, 2000). IRBM defined as the coordinated management of resources in naturalenvironment (air, water, land, flora, fauna) based on river basin as a geographical unit/area,with the objective of balancing man’s needs with necessity of conserving resources to ensuretheir sustainability (Keizrul, 2000). It means that river basins need to be managed in anintegrated and holistic manner (IRBM).Water Governance is about local change and reform, and strategies that need to be developedas part of the IWRM plans that are required under the WSSD target. Making WaterGovernance more effective requires change and reform in line with the law. The governanceand administration of water resources in Malaysia involved several departments and agenciesthat operate dependently or independently of one another according to the specificresponsibilities assigned to them.Governance covers the manner in which power is balanced in the administration of a countryand embraces the traditions and institutions by which authority is exercised, where WaterGovernance refers to the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems thatare in place to develop and manage water resources and the delivery of water services atdifferent levels of society (Hall, 2003). Water Governance can only be successful ifaccompanied by required decision making powers, resources and capacity at the lower levels.The key challenge for water policy and management is to move from competition and conflictto co-operation. Water knows no political boundaries, and its optimal management is bestachieved when done at the basin level, across political boundaries where necessary. Co-WWW-YES 2008, Paris 13 – 16 May 2008 87WWW-YES 2008, Paris 13 – 16 May 2008 88
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