Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation ...

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European Union Agency for Fundamental RightsMemberStateDenmarkImplementing legislationAmendment to the Lov om forbud modforskelsbeh<strong>and</strong>ling på arbejdsmarkedetm.v.[Act on the Prohibition of DifferentialTreatment in the Labour Market, etc.],adopted in March 2004 10 .Germany The Transposition Law of 14 August 2006contains the General Law on EqualTreatment [AllgemeinesGleichbeh<strong>and</strong>lungsgesetz – AGG].EstoniaGreeceThe Employment Equality Directive iscurrently implemented in part by EestiVabariigi töölepingu seaduse ja EestiVabariigi ülemnõukogu otsuse ‘EestiVabariigi töölepingu seaduse rakendamisekohta’ muutmise seadus [Amendment Actof the Republic of Estonia EmploymentContracts Act <strong>and</strong> the Decision of theSupreme Council of the Republic ofEstonia ‘On the Implementation of theEmployment Contracts Act’], 11 but it isexpected that a more comprehensiveEqual Treatment Act will be adopted in2008.Law 3304/05 12 implements in Greece theEmployment Equality Directive as well asthe Racial Equality Directive.… limited toemployment <strong>and</strong>occupation (light blue)… going beyondemployment <strong>and</strong>occupation (dark blue)The implementation of the Employment EqualityDirective does not extend beyond employment.The scope of the AGG, which prohibits discriminationon grounds of sexual orientation, is equivalent to thatof the Racial Equality Directive (Article 2 of the AGG),however, while discrimination on grounds on sexualorientation is prohibited in civil law transactions,certain civil law relationships for which affinitiesbetween the parties are considered paramount, areexempt from the prohibition.When the Equal Treatment Act will be adopted, it willprohibit discrimination on grounds of sexualorientation not only in the area of employment butalso in health care, social security, education, accessto goods <strong>and</strong> provisions of services.Although Law 3304/05 prohibits discrimination on thebasis of sexual orientation only in respect ofemployment <strong>and</strong> occupation, it foresees the extensionof its scope of application by means of a presidentialdecree (Article 27).10Denmark / Act No. 253 of 7. April 2004 Act on the Prohibition of Differential Treatment in the LabourMarket, etc.11Estonia/Riigikantselei (30.04.2004) Riigi Teataja I, 37, 256.12Greece / Official Gazette (FEK) A 16, 27/01/05, p. 67-7228
<strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation in the EU Member StatesPart I – Legal AnalysisMemberStateSpainFranceIrel<strong>and</strong>ItalyCyprusImplementing legislationThe Employment Equality Directive wasimplemented by Law 62/2003 of 30December 2003 on Medidas fiscales,administrativas y del orden social [Fiscal,Administrative <strong>and</strong> Social Measures] 13 , <strong>and</strong>a number of subsequent legislativemeasures.The Employment Equality Directive hasbeen implemented by amendment to theLabour Code (Article L. 122-45). 15 The antidiscriminationlegislative framework iscurrently undergoing a revision (Bill No.514 filed at the National Assembly on 19December 2007, currently examined by theFrench Parliament) in order to ensurecompliance with the Equality Directives.The Equality Act 2004 – which amendedthe pre-existing Employment Equality Act1998 <strong>and</strong> the Equal Status Act 2000 –purports to implement EmploymentDirective 2000/78/EC.The Employment Equality Directive hasbeen implemented by Decreto legislativo[Legislative Decree] n. 216 of 9.07.2003, inforce since 28.08.2003 16 .The 2004 Combating of Racial <strong>and</strong> SomeOther Forms of <strong>Discrimination</strong>(Commissioner) Law 17 <strong>and</strong> the 2004 EqualTreatment in Employment <strong>and</strong> OccupationLaw 18 .… limited toemployment <strong>and</strong>occupation (light blue)… going beyondemployment <strong>and</strong>occupation (dark blue)Articles 511 <strong>and</strong> 512 of the Penal Code prohibitdiscrimination on grounds of sexual orientationcommitted by public servants, inter alia, in access topublic services (art. 511), <strong>and</strong> by other persons in theexercise of their profession (art. 512). FurthermoreLaw 55/2003 of 16 December on the Estatuto Marcodel personal estatutario de los servicios de salud[Framework Statute of Health Service Staff] 14prohibits discrimination in the field of healthcare.In the field of housing, Art. 158 of Law n° 2002-73 of17 January 2002 prohibits discrimination on groundsof sexual orientation.The scope of protection from sexual orientationdiscrimination is broader than that required under theEmployment Equality Directive in that access togoods, services <strong>and</strong> other opportunities are coveredby the Equal Status Act 2000, as amended by theEquality Act 2004.The scope of the protection from discrimination ongrounds of sexual orientation is equivalent to thatprescribed under the Employment Equality Directive.The equality body set up by the Combating of Racial<strong>and</strong> Some Other Forms of <strong>Discrimination</strong>(Commissioner) Law has the power to investigatecomplaints of discrimination on the ground of, interalia, sexual orientation not only in employment <strong>and</strong>occupation, but also in social insurance, healthcare,education <strong>and</strong> access to goods <strong>and</strong> services includinghousing.13Spain/Ley 62/2003 (30.12.2003).14Spain/Ley 55/2003 (16.12.2003).15France / Loi n° 2001-1066 du 16 novembre 2001 relative à la lutte contre les discriminations, JORFn°267 du 17.11.2001, p. 18311, see http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=MESX0004437L (last consulted on 4.5.2008).16Official Journal on 13 08.2003.17Cyprus / The Combating of Racial <strong>and</strong> Some Other Forms of <strong>Discrimination</strong> (Commissioner) Law No.42(1)/ 2004 (19.03.2004)18Cyprus / The Equal Treatment in Employment <strong>and</strong> Occupation of 2004 No. 58 (1)/2004 (31.3.2004).29
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