What's a Polar Bear Doing in the Tropics? - Animal Concerns ...

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APPENDIX VI: GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE AREASWSPA• Animals shall have adequate retreating facilities away from peopleand other individuals.• Individuals shall be able to seek seclusion at all times.• Enclosures shall contain suitable features as obstacles to keep bearsapart and for retreat to avoid visual contact between individuals.TAG and WSPA both recommend the following:• Hiding places for bears to avoid conspecifics and visitors are essentialrequirement for bear enclosures. These may be provided by shrubsand trees, hills, horizontal wooden logs, large roots, sewer pipes,rocks, caves in rocks, large boxes and barrels.• Obstacles to deter bears from attacking each other are essential.These can be trees and shrubs, large horizontal logs or tree trunks.UFAW• Visual barriers can be introduced into existing enclosures to providethe animals with the opportunity to be without visual contact and toprevent aggressive interactions.What’s a polar bear doing in the tropics?96www.acres.org.sg
APPENDIX VII: GUIDELINES FOR ENRICHMENTPROGRAMMESWSPA• Polar bears shall have various enrichment objects available, theseshall vary in shape, size, texture and colour. A minimum of 10 objectsshould be available in one enclosure and at least one per individual.All non-consumable and consumable enrichment items should besupplies in sufficient amounts to occupy all individuals in the exhibit.• Environmental enrichment shall be a priority for daily husbandry, i.e.time, facilities and budget shall be appropriate or the welfare of theanimals.• Enrichment is a necessity in all bear enclosures, also large naturalenclosures.TAG• Day-to-day enrichment is only effective if stimuli/objects arefrequently changed.• For polar bears, the following feeding enrichment techniques arerecommended: ice blocks with food in different sized buckets withouthandles; ice blocks with food in large tubs; fish or nuts in a plastic canwith small openings; whole cucumbers or melons; branches; honey,ketchup or mayonnaise smeared in or on traffic cones or buckets;bones of cattle or horses; hides.ABWAK• For polar bears enrichment items that induce play and more socialinteraction should be introduced, as well as greater use of theenclosure and a higher level of activity. The objects should be ofvarying shape, size, colour and texture and offered with a minimum of10 objects in an enclosure. Always provide at least one object perindividual.UFAW• Animals have more of a choice and a sense of control of theirenvironment if they have a wide variety of objects to choose between.Moveable objects should on a regular basis be removed and introducedto the enclosure in order to stimulate exploratory and playbehaviours.• With large food items and inedible play objects enough should beprovided to activate all individuals at the same time.What’s a polar bear doing in the tropics?97www.acres.org.sg
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animal is diving. They also eat car
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individual’s own choices. This ab
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Following his investigations into t
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What’s a polar bear doing in the
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Accommodation20 All animal accommod
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Table 3.1 Categories of behaviours
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TABLE 3.5 Lying flat behaviour prof
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3.2.1 Adaptation to Arctic coldPola
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3.2.2 Reasons for panting and lying
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3.2.3 Heat stress experienced in Si
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the pool area. However, theeffectiv
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3.2.4 Algal growth in furInuka cove
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What’s a polar bear doing in the
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Table 4.1 Categories of behaviours
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TABLE 4.4 Activity pattern of Sheba
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TABLE 4.6 Abnormal behaviour profil
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4.2.1 Prevalence of abnormal stereo
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to more space, a more complex, quie
Page 52 and 53: Guidelines and LegislationsGuidelin
Page 54 and 55: equirements stated in the Province
Page 56 and 57: problem with these old designs is t
Page 58 and 59: SubstrateThe polar bear enclosure d
Page 60 and 61: In the 2004 report, Acresrecommende
Page 62 and 63: FurnitureThe enclosure does not pro
Page 64 and 65: Private areasThe lack of private ar
Page 66 and 67: 5.1.2 Problems in husbandryUse/acce
Page 68 and 69: At a workshop on the Behavioural Ne
Page 70 and 71: disintegrating objects in an enclos
Page 72 and 73: interesting. At no time were the be
Page 74 and 75: 5.2.3 Condition of teeth 10Sheba ha
Page 76 and 77: demonstrating species-appropriate b
Page 78 and 79: What’s a polar bear doing in the
Page 80 and 81: Today there is just one polar bear
Page 84 and 85: Providing natural substrates in enc
Page 86 and 87: Stimulating olfactory and rubbing b
Page 90 and 91: Singapore Zoo states that they are
Page 92 and 93: 22. Wood, D. 1995. Bears. Whitecap
Page 94 and 95: 66. Baars, D. and Weegenaar, A. 199
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX I: GUIDELINES FOR ENCLOSUR
Page 98 and 99: • For polar bears the ratio of wa
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX IV: GUIDELINES FOR SUBSTRA
Page 104 and 105: • Environmental enrichment should
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