What's a Polar Bear Doing in the Tropics? - Animal Concerns ...

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• For polar bears the ratio of water to land must not exceed 1:3.• There should be at least two entrances to indoor facilities from theoutdoor enclosure.Both WSPA and Tag guidelines state that essential enclosure featuresinclude:• Provision of microclimate to provide sunny, dry and sheltered in coolweather; shady and open to the wind. This can be created by shrubsand trees, hills, horizontal wooden logs, large roots, sewer pipes,rocks, caves in rocks, old barrels, and large boxes. The provision ofobservation points to allow viewing beyond the enclosure provided bytrees, hills, rocks, dead trees forming climbing frames with platformsis also considered essential.• Provision of hiding places for food to stimulate foraging behavioursuch as piles of logs, rocks and wooden logs which can be moved bythe animals, pipes installed vertically in the ground, tree pipes.ABWAK• When constructing new enclosures design should maximise choice andcontrol for the animals in captivity and provide means for the animalsto express a full behavioural repertoire, e.g. foraging, digging,climbing and resting in natural substrates. Two separate outdoor areasare necessary in order to segregate animals for breeding purposes,illness or aggression and for easy cleaning of the exhibit.• For indoor accommodation, topography should allow for bears to viewbeyond their enclosure boundary to avoid stereotypic behaviours.• Polar bears must have pools with clear water. Underwater viewing isnot recommended, as glass walls prevent keepers from supplyinganimals with enrichment items which the animals potentially coulduse to break the glass. And underwater viewing requires clear waterconditions so natural substrates that may block drains and cloud watercannot be used.UFAW• Simulating sea-ice habitat by building concrete enclosures with bluepools can no longer be considered appropriate for polar bears.• Polar bear exhibits should include two separate paddocks in order toseparate individuals in times of sickness, reproduction and aggression.These areas should contain large overgrown areas that will stimulate awide behavioural repertoire.IBF• If breeding is not the purpose of the exhibit, the absolute minimumnumber of enclosures is two of equal size. Keeping bears in only onelarge enclosure should be avoided.What’s a polar bear doing in the tropics?92www.acres.org.sg
APPENDIX III: GUIDELINES FOR PROVISION OFSUITABLE CLIMATEWSPA• Facilities shall provide appropriate temperatures that meet thespecies natural needs. Facilities shall provide shelter from variousweather conditions, e.g. dry areas and shade at all times for allindividuals.• Structures shall provide shelter in different weather conditions.• Outdoor facilities shall protect against weather and sunlight.• All bear species must have access to cool, shady places during hotsummer days.• In polar bear enclosures water must be cooled.TAG• All bear species must have access to cool, shady places during hotsummer days and some species may choose shady places even atrelatively low ambient temperatures. Structures within the enclosureshould provide shelter in different weather conditions.What’s a polar bear doing in the tropics?93www.acres.org.sg
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individual’s own choices. This ab
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Following his investigations into t
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What’s a polar bear doing in the
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Accommodation20 All animal accommod
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Table 3.1 Categories of behaviours
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TABLE 3.5 Lying flat behaviour prof
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3.2.1 Adaptation to Arctic coldPola
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3.2.2 Reasons for panting and lying
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3.2.3 Heat stress experienced in Si
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the pool area. However, theeffectiv
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3.2.4 Algal growth in furInuka cove
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What’s a polar bear doing in the
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Table 4.1 Categories of behaviours
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TABLE 4.4 Activity pattern of Sheba
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TABLE 4.6 Abnormal behaviour profil
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Page 52 and 53: Guidelines and LegislationsGuidelin
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Page 58 and 59: SubstrateThe polar bear enclosure d
Page 60 and 61: In the 2004 report, Acresrecommende
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Page 64 and 65: Private areasThe lack of private ar
Page 66 and 67: 5.1.2 Problems in husbandryUse/acce
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Page 74 and 75: 5.2.3 Condition of teeth 10Sheba ha
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Page 86 and 87: Stimulating olfactory and rubbing b
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Page 92 and 93: 22. Wood, D. 1995. Bears. Whitecap
Page 94 and 95: 66. Baars, D. and Weegenaar, A. 199
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Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX VI: GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE
Page 104 and 105: • Environmental enrichment should
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