What's a Polar Bear Doing in the Tropics? - Animal Concerns ...

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animal is diving. They also eat carrion, such as dead whales, washed ashoreon Arctic coastlines. 22Although polar bears are not migratory animals, their seasonal movements insome areas may be considerable. Polar bears on the pelagic drift ice in theBarents Sea undertake extensive annual migrations following the seasonalchanges in sea ice, yielding annual range sizes of 250,000 squarekilometres. 23 One marked polar bear was found to have crossed the Arctic,covering 3,200 kilometres in one year. 22 In one day, polar bears can traveleighty kilometres or more. 24 In an average lifetime, a polar bear maytraverse 260,000 square kilometres. 22Polar bears are good swimmers and are able to swim 100 to 120 kilometres,and maybe even farther, without landing. 25 Their webbed paws propel themthrough the water at speeds of up to six and a half kilometres per hour.While diving, polar bears can remain underwater for up to two minutes. 25Scientists logged one non-stop swim by a polar bear of 200 miles. 20Polar bears are generally solitary in the wild, although large congregationsdo occur in certain areas, usually at significant sources of food, at certaintimes of the year. 25What’s a polar bear doing in the tropics?10www.acres.org.sg
1.4 Welfare of wild animals in captivityCaptive polar bears at a Japanese zooThe captive environment presents a vastly different environment to whatanimals have been adapted to. Compared to the dynamic and complexnature of the natural environment, the captive one is frequently morestatic. Physical factors such as temperature, humidity, structural features,and the type, quantity, and availability of food are typically morepredictable in a captive environment. 26 As a result of this predictability,captive environments frequently offer less stimulation and opportunity forchoice than natural environments. 26Like their counterparts in the wild, captive animals need to engage in avariety of instinctive behaviours such as seeking shelter, nest sites, matesand food resources, avoiding predators and parasites, defending territories,and exploring new spaces. 27 However, most captives are, to a large degree,restricted or prevented from engaging in these behaviours. 27The behaviour of wild animals in captivity may also be under humancontrol, 28 in contrast to the wild, where decisions are made based on theWhat’s a polar bear doing in the tropics?11www.acres.org.sg
Page 18 and 19: individual’s own choices. This ab
Page 20 and 21: Following his investigations into t
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Page 24 and 25: Accommodation20 All animal accommod
Page 26 and 27: Table 3.1 Categories of behaviours
Page 28 and 29: TABLE 3.5 Lying flat behaviour prof
Page 30 and 31: 3.2.1 Adaptation to Arctic coldPola
Page 32 and 33: 3.2.2 Reasons for panting and lying
Page 34 and 35: 3.2.3 Heat stress experienced in Si
Page 36 and 37: the pool area. However, theeffectiv
Page 38 and 39: 3.2.4 Algal growth in furInuka cove
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Page 42 and 43: Table 4.1 Categories of behaviours
Page 44 and 45: TABLE 4.4 Activity pattern of Sheba
Page 46 and 47: TABLE 4.6 Abnormal behaviour profil
Page 48 and 49: 4.2.1 Prevalence of abnormal stereo
Page 50 and 51: to more space, a more complex, quie
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Guidelines and LegislationsGuidelin
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equirements stated in the Province
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problem with these old designs is t
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SubstrateThe polar bear enclosure d
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In the 2004 report, Acresrecommende
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FurnitureThe enclosure does not pro
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Private areasThe lack of private ar
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5.1.2 Problems in husbandryUse/acce
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At a workshop on the Behavioural Ne
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disintegrating objects in an enclos
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interesting. At no time were the be
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5.2.3 Condition of teeth 10Sheba ha
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demonstrating species-appropriate b
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What’s a polar bear doing in the
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Today there is just one polar bear
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Providing natural substrates in enc
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Stimulating olfactory and rubbing b
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Singapore Zoo states that they are
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22. Wood, D. 1995. Bears. Whitecap
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66. Baars, D. and Weegenaar, A. 199
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APPENDIX I: GUIDELINES FOR ENCLOSUR
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• For polar bears the ratio of wa
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APPENDIX IV: GUIDELINES FOR SUBSTRA
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APPENDIX VI: GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE
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• Environmental enrichment should
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