113. Further analysis <strong>of</strong> the metrics or metric groups integrated in the variousAQEM multimetric indices reveals comm<strong>on</strong> use <strong>of</strong> metrics listed in Table 3.Table 3. Metrics/metric groups most comm<strong>on</strong>ly used by the different AQEM systems(AQEM C<strong>on</strong>sortium, 2002).metric/metric groupsnumber <strong>of</strong> stream typeswhere metric/metric group is appliedfeeding types (scrapers, shredders, predators, …) 11z<strong>on</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> preference (crenal, rhithral, potamal, …) 10number <strong>of</strong> Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera taxa 10individuals <strong>of</strong> certain tax<strong>on</strong>omic groups 10number <strong>of</strong> taxa in individual tax<strong>on</strong>omic groups 6microhabitat preference (pelal, argyllal, psammal, akal, …) 6saprobic index (Zelinka and Marvan) 6114. About Fish metrics, an extensive list <strong>of</strong> metrics from IBI index, was presentedto be tested <strong>on</strong> the FAME project. (Kestem<strong>on</strong>t, P. and G<strong>of</strong>faux, D., 2002). Themetrics are not distributed am<strong>on</strong>g the four categories <strong>of</strong> the original IBI, but classifiedwithin the 3 major categories <strong>of</strong> the WFD, i.e. species compositi<strong>on</strong> (including metricsrelated to trophic compositi<strong>on</strong>, reproducti<strong>on</strong> and c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>), fish abundance and agelengthstructure.C<strong>on</strong>cluding remarks and recommendati<strong>on</strong>s115. This review <strong>of</strong> the harm<strong>on</strong>izati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>biological</strong> m<strong>on</strong>itoring systems is based <strong>on</strong>data gathered and collated over the drafting period. Many <strong>of</strong> the outcomes reportedc<strong>on</strong>tinue to be valid but others have been and will c<strong>on</strong>tinue to be influenced byscientific developments supporting the implementati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> the WFD. These include theoutcomes <strong>of</strong> nati<strong>on</strong>al and European research programmes, the finalisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> relevantCEN standards and the trialing <strong>of</strong> recently developed or modified ecologicalassessment methodologies at the nati<strong>on</strong>al level. Further, as the intercalibrati<strong>on</strong> processprogresses within the GIGs, new approaches and the possible need for <strong>methods</strong>tandardizati<strong>on</strong> will be identified.116. In order to ensure that these rapid developments are taken into account, whichwill aid the WFD implementati<strong>on</strong> process it is recommended that the harm<strong>on</strong>izati<strong>on</strong>28
group should update its primary findings <strong>on</strong> an annual basis. The outcome wouldinform ECOSTAT, the Commissi<strong>on</strong> and other partners as to the state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art, aswell as dem<strong>on</strong>strating progress and identifying gaps that need to be filled by targetedresearch at a European level. (RECOMMENDATION 1)117. This review clearly dem<strong>on</strong>strates that at present, lakes and rivers <strong>biological</strong>m<strong>on</strong>itoring systems in Europe differ widely in terms <strong>of</strong> the <strong>biological</strong> elementssampled, sampling <strong>methods</strong>, metrics and classificati<strong>on</strong> schemes adopted. Thesedifferences probably reflect varying m<strong>on</strong>itoring objectives, the pressures impacting <strong>on</strong>the water bodies and technical, ec<strong>on</strong>omic and cultural features <strong>of</strong> each country. Theyare not <strong>on</strong>ly obvious at the nati<strong>on</strong>al level, but also within some countries.118. It is, however, possible to find European wide a comm<strong>on</strong> pattern. For mostlakes, quality assessment includes chlorophyll a and phytoplankt<strong>on</strong> m<strong>on</strong>itoring andfor most rivers, quality assessment includes benthic invertebrates m<strong>on</strong>itoring. This isnot to say that the <strong>methods</strong> are identical, as in many instances this is clearly not thecase, and direct comparis<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> data using differing sampling and analytical regimesmay be problematical. The work within the GIGs will inform this process119. It is also clear from this review <strong>of</strong> harm<strong>on</strong>izati<strong>on</strong> that many countries have yetto develop m<strong>on</strong>itoring and classificati<strong>on</strong> programmes that are WFD compliant,although it is clear that progress c<strong>on</strong>tinues to be made through nati<strong>on</strong>al and Europeanresearch and development programmes. In order to manage the implementati<strong>on</strong>process it is essential to collate this informati<strong>on</strong> and make it widely available. TheHarm<strong>on</strong>isati<strong>on</strong> Group could be central to this process (RECOMMENDATION 2)120. The report show that the development many <strong>methods</strong> are still need or areunderway at the moment. For this reas<strong>on</strong> it is too early to demand the standardizati<strong>on</strong><strong>of</strong> special metrics. In this respect ECOSTAT should liaise closely with the work <strong>of</strong>CEN, with the Harm<strong>on</strong>isati<strong>on</strong> Group representing the obvious focal point(RECOMMENDATION 3).121. The previous recommendati<strong>on</strong> should be facilitated through a workshopinvolving the CEN task group c<strong>on</strong>venors, the Harm<strong>on</strong>isati<strong>on</strong> Group and otheridentified ECOSTAT members. This could be facilitated by JRC.29
- Page 1 and 2: Institute for Environment and Susta
- Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSBackground and purpose of t
- Page 5 and 6: Background and purpose of the docum
- Page 7 and 8: States and candidate countries. Inf
- Page 9 and 10: classification, each of these being
- Page 11 and 12: BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: PHYTOPL
- Page 13 and 14: indicators, species lists, frequenc
- Page 15 and 16: 53. The identification and enumerat
- Page 17 and 18: 64. In general, this technique is t
- Page 19 and 20: RIVER BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: F
- Page 21 and 22: 84. The development of specific sta
- Page 23 and 24: practice guides for identification
- Page 25 and 26: 100. The information received from
- Page 27: Evaluation of the suitability of cu
- Page 31 and 32: ReferencesAFNOR (Association Franç
- Page 33 and 34: EN ISO 8689-2 Water quality - Biolo
- Page 35 and 36: Lazaridou-Dimitriadou, M., C. Kouko
- Page 37 and 38: Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver, 1949.
- Page 39: Annex I: Composition of the Geograp
- Page 43 and 44: Annex III: River biological assessm
- Page 45 and 46: Annex IV: Analysis of lake biologic
- Page 47 and 48: Number of sampling stations10080%60
- Page 49 and 50: IT 90% acetone spectrophotometricPT
- Page 51 and 52: 10. The sampling depth and volume s
- Page 53 and 54: PTESFIIE5667-2/98 Romanianstandardi
- Page 55 and 56: Sampling stations%1008060402001 2-1
- Page 57 and 58: MACROPHYTES16. The aquatic Macrophy
- Page 59 and 60: Plants sampled per GIG1008060%40Eme
- Page 61 and 62: NO qualitativ method species number
- Page 63 and 64: indicators, species lists, frequenc
- Page 65 and 66: 26. The sampling frequency is varia
- Page 67: CEN/TC 230/WG 2/ TG 4 N28, 2 nd wor
- Page 70 and 71: programs are based only on the diat
- Page 72 and 73: 21. Some countries like France, Est
- Page 74 and 75: Table 1. European methods for monit
- Page 76 and 77: countries also covers Non-EU Member
- Page 78 and 79:
49. The Danish Stream Fauna Index i
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Hungary58. Since 2002 a modificatio
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Acidification Index, based on the s
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Identification is predominantly to
- Page 86 and 87:
size of the net range between 250 t
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water bug genus (Aphelocheirus) and
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Table 5. Common abundance classific
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108. Process Assessment focuses on
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Austria120. MuLFA: Ecological Integ
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Sweden126. Swedish fish Index: Appe
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ut comparisons have been made with
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seasons for sampling are summer and
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102
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Consultation open to ECOSTAT &inter
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Table 1. List of European standards
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108
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development of typologySweden Yes,
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one or other option depends on the
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114
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• An integrated holistic evaluati
- Page 118 and 119:
• Phytoplankton: Yes; Clorophyll
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• Macroalgae: No• Benthic inver
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• Macrophytes: No• Macroalgae:
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Mission of the JRCThe mission of th