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Three possible trunk channels are found on the island (channel bodies 1, 4 and 10).These channel bodies are found at different stratigraphical intervals, as well as atdifferent locations at the island. Delta switching due to avulsion of the river canindicate that the sediments were delivered to the Hopen area by a river situated whereChannel body 10 is located. Than the delta switched its course to the north andChannel body 1 was deposited. Towards the top of the De Geerdalen Formation thedelta once again switched its course, and channel body 4 was deposited. Hence, thesethree channel bodies can have been created by the same river and are situated atdifferent places at the island due to delta switching. The middle marine interval (Table5.2) might also suggest delta switching, where the progradation of the delta happenssouth or north of the Hopen area.6.1 Further workThere is a lot of potential for developing the PhotoModeler-model further. Due tocomplications, which occurred during the process of completing the model and limitedtime, the western side of Blåfjellet and Småhumpane is not properly oriented in themodel and further work could therefore be done in order to complete the model for theentire island. To complete the model one need to take supplementary photos in areaswhere the photos are taken in bad weather, preferentially with an 85mm lens.In addition the model could be integrated into the software Petrel. By using Petrel onecould be able to make facies models based on the sedimentological logs and thedistribution of channel bodies and estimate the heterogeneity of the sediments betweenthe measured sedimentological logs. A Petrel-model would also make it possible toestimate net/gross values.100
ReferencesAinsworth, R. B., Vakarelov, B. K., and Nanson, R. A., 2011, Dynamic spatial and temporalprediction of changes in depositional processes on clastic shorelines: towardimproved subsurface uncertainty reduction and management. AAPG Bull., 95, 267–297.Bergh, S. G., Braathen, A. and Andresen, A. 1997, Interaction of basement-involved andthin- skinned tectonism in the Tertiary fold-thrust belt of central Spitsbergen,Svalbard: AAPG Bulletin, 81, 637-661.Bersier, A., 1958, Se´quences de´tritiques et divagations fluviales: Eclogae GeologicaeHelvetiae, v. 51, p. 854–893.Bhattacharya, J. P., 2006, Deltas, in H. W. Posamentier, and R. G. Walker, eds.,Facies models revisited, Special Publication (84), Society of Sedimentary Geology,237-292.Birkenmajer, K., Krajewski, K. P., Pécskay, Z., and Lorenc, M. W., 2010, K-Ar dating ofbasic intrusions at Bellsund, Spitsbergen, Svalbard: Polish Polar Research, 31, 3-16..Blum, M., Martin, J., Milliken, K., and Garvin, M., 2013, Paleovalley systems: Insights fromQuaternary analogs and experiments: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 116, p. 128-169Bodylewsky, W. 1926. Fossil Shells. In Iversen, T.: Hopen (Hope Island), Svalbard. Skr.Svalbard Ishavet 10, 34.Braathen, A., S. G. Bergh, and H. D. Maher Jr, 1999, Application of a critical wedge tapermodel to the tertiary transpressional fold-thrust belt on Spitsbergen, Svalbard:Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 111, 1468-1485.Bridge, J. S., 2006, Fluvial facies models: Recent developments, in H. W. Posamentier, andR. G. Walker, ( Eds., Facies models revisited, Special Publication (84), Society ofSedimentary Geology, 85-170.Burov, J. P., A. A. Krassilščikov, L. V. Firsov, and B. A. Klubov, 1977. The age ofSpitsbergen dolerites (from isotopic dating): Norsk Polarinstitutt Årbok, 1975, 101-108.Dallmann, W. K., 1999, Introduction, in W. K. Dallmann, ed., Lithostratigraphic Lexicon ofSvalbard. Review and recommendations for nomenclature use. Upper Palaeozoic toQuaternary bedrock: Tromsø, Norwegian Polar Institute, 11-21.Dallmann, W.K., Gjelberg, J.G, Harland, W.B., Johannessen, E.P., Keilen, H.B., Lønøy,A.,Nilsson, I. and Worsley, D. 1999a: Upper Palaeozoic lithostratigraphy. In:Dallmann, W.K. (Ed.) Lithostratigraphic lexicon of Svalbard. Review andrecommendations for nomenclature use. Upper Palaeozoic to Quaternary bedrock:Norsk Polarinstitutt, Tromsø. 25-126.101
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Visualize and interpret the geometr
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SammendragEn digital 3D-modell av H
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4.2.3 Channel body 8 (SW of Lyngefj
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Secondly, I wish to thank my co-sup
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1.3 Regional geological settingThe
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The Triassic of Svalbard consists o
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Geerdalen Formation is overlain by
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1.5 Previous work at HopenThe Swedi
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2. MethodsThe work of this thesis i
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2.2 PhotoModeler-modelThe program P
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2.3 Sources of errorThere are no kn
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3. Lateral distribution of possible
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Figure 3.2: This photo and drawing
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3.2 Lateral distribution of Slottet
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Hopen member and the top of the mou
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4. Channel bodiesIn this chapter ob
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4.1.1 Channel body 1 (Northern chan
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Figure 4.2: Photos and illustration
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4.1.2 Channel body 2 (Binnedalen)Ch
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Figure 4.4: This figure illustrates
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(1) DiscussionFacies occurring in t
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4.1.4 Channel Body 4 (Johan Hjortfj
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Figure 4.10: Photos and illustratio
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The log shows that the channel body
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1 Channel body 5 (SW of Nørste
Page 59 and 60: (1) DiscussionOne of the interestin
Page 61 and 62: Another explanation of the apparent
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4.14: This figure illustrate
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.4 Channel body 9 (Blåfjellet,
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.16: Illustrates Channel bo
Page 69 and 70: The outcrop orientations and/or a n
Page 71 and 72: Unfortunately the stratigraphic int
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.22: An illustration of the
Page 75 and 76: 2006). Flaser bedding is characteri
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Page 79 and 80: indications on the logs from the st
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4.27: This figure illustrate
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.28: This Figure illustrate
Page 85 and 86: is perhaps the best indication of a
Page 87 and 88: 4.31: This figure illustrates the w
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4.32:Interpretation offault
Page 91 and 92: 4.3.1 Channel body 15 (NW of Braast
Page 93 and 94: 4.3.2 Channel body 16 (Blåfjellet
Page 95 and 96: 4.3.3 Channel body 17 (Djupskaret)C
Page 98 and 99: Figure 4.36: This figureillustrates
Page 101 and 102: 5. Discussion5.1 Map relevant featu
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Page 105 and 106: ase of Hopen member. Going further
Page 107: 6. Conclusions18 channel bodies are
Page 111: Knarud, R. 1980. En sedimentologisk
Page 114 and 115: AppendixAppendix 1: The measured se
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Page 118 and 119: Appendix 2: Legend of the measured
Page 120 and 121: Appendix 4: Illustrations of the Ph
Page 122: Figure 6: Illustration of the Photo
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