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Figure 4.5: This figure displays the thickness variations found in the stratigraphical unitof Channel body 2. (A) An overview photo of the area between Binnedalen and thenorthern most fault. (B) Zooming in on the actual thickness variation.(C) An interpretation of Photo B. (D) Zooming in on the on a thick sandstone interval.(E) An interpretation of Photo D. The blue is the underlying sand layer. Orange displaysthe actual sandstone unit and how it thins out in the present gully. Red is the finermaterial covering or replacing the sandstone.36
(1) DiscussionFacies occurring in the sandy interval in the logged section of Binnedalen are through crossstratified and current rippled sandstone, with indications of rip-up mud clasts. The grain sizeis fine- medium sandstone (Figure 4.3). These types of facies are often found in channels(Reading and Collinson, 2006), hence it supports the interpretation of this being a channelbody.The underlying layer consists of silt with root and loading structures. These facies types canbe found in the interdistributary areas of a delta plain (Reading and Collinson, 2006). Theoverlying layer has a silty grain size as well, with indications of desiccation cracks, whichcorresponds to facies deposited in interdistributary areas (Bridge, 2006).The through cross stratified and current rippled sandstone contributes to the interpretation ofthis being a channel. Since the channel body is placed between two layers that probably aredeposited on the delta plain the channel is most likely deposited there as well, hence it is adistributary channel situated at the delta plain. The channel also lack features indicating tidalinfluence. The upper delta plains are essentially unaffected by tidal processes (Reading andCollinson, 2006), which leads to an interpretation of this channel body being a fluvialdominated distributary channel deposited on the upper delta plain.Another interesting feature is the differences in distribution of the sand body on the differentsides of the island. On the eastern side, the sandstone unit is found all the way fromBinnedalen to the northern most part of the island, while on the western the sandstone bodystops much further north. One explanation is that the sandstone body represents two channels;one in the north, found on both sides of the island, and one on the eastern side, in Binnedalen.The sandstone between them than probably consists of crevasse splay deposits. Crevassesplays are deposited by scouring through the channel levees and lobes of fine sand aredeposited where these debouch into the flood basin (Selley, 2000). If this is the case thedirection of these channels fits well with what is found other places on the island, going in aSE-NW direction (Klausen and Mørk, submitted) (Figure 4.1). One observation that worksagainst this interpretation is the thickness of the crevasse splay deposits. By using thePhotoModeler-model the maximum thickness of the sandstone unit, possibly representingcrevasse splay deposits, was found to be 15 meters. Reynolds (1999) found out, by studying84 different crevasse splays that the maximum thickness was 12 meters and that the meanthickness was only 1.4 meters. This weakens the interpretation of this being two channels37
Page 1: Visualize and interpret the geometr
Page 5 and 6: SammendragEn digital 3D-modell av H
Page 7: 4.2.3 Channel body 8 (SW of Lyngefj
Page 10 and 11: Secondly, I wish to thank my co-sup
Page 12 and 13: 1.3 Regional geological settingThe
Page 14 and 15: The Triassic of Svalbard consists o
Page 16 and 17: Geerdalen Formation is overlain by
Page 18 and 19: 1.5 Previous work at HopenThe Swedi
Page 21 and 22: 2. MethodsThe work of this thesis i
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 PhotoModeler-modelThe program P
Page 25 and 26: 2.3 Sources of errorThere are no kn
Page 27 and 28: 3. Lateral distribution of possible
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.2: This photo and drawing
Page 31 and 32: 3.2 Lateral distribution of Slottet
Page 33 and 34: Hopen member and the top of the mou
Page 35 and 36: 4. Channel bodiesIn this chapter ob
Page 37 and 38: 4.1.1 Channel body 1 (Northern chan
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4.2: Photos and illustration
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.2 Channel body 2 (Binnedalen)Ch
Page 43: Figure 4.4: This figure illustrates
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4.6: This figure illustrates
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.7: This figure illustrates
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Channel Body 4 (Johan Hjortfj
Page 53 and 54: Figure 4.10: Photos and illustratio
Page 55 and 56: The log shows that the channel body
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1 Channel body 5 (SW of Nørste
Page 59 and 60: (1) DiscussionOne of the interestin
Page 61 and 62: Another explanation of the apparent
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4.14: This figure illustrate
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.4 Channel body 9 (Blåfjellet,
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.16: Illustrates Channel bo
Page 69 and 70: The outcrop orientations and/or a n
Page 71 and 72: Unfortunately the stratigraphic int
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.22: An illustration of the
Page 75 and 76: 2006). Flaser bedding is characteri
Page 77 and 78: elow the stratigraphical level of C
Page 79 and 80: indications on the logs from the st
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4.27: This figure illustrate
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.28: This Figure illustrate
Page 85 and 86: is perhaps the best indication of a
Page 87 and 88: 4.31: This figure illustrates the w
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4.32:Interpretation offault
Page 91 and 92: 4.3.1 Channel body 15 (NW of Braast
Page 93 and 94: 4.3.2 Channel body 16 (Blåfjellet
Page 95 and 96:
4.3.3 Channel body 17 (Djupskaret)C
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Figure 4.36: This figureillustrates
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5. Discussion5.1 Map relevant featu
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Geerdalen Formation of no more than
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ase of Hopen member. Going further
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6. Conclusions18 channel bodies are
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ReferencesAinsworth, R. B., Vakarel
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Knarud, R. 1980. En sedimentologisk
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AppendixAppendix 1: The measured se
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108
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Appendix 2: Legend of the measured
Page 120 and 121:
Appendix 4: Illustrations of the Ph
Page 122:
Figure 6: Illustration of the Photo
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