Visualize and interpret the geometry, heterogeneity and lateral ...

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A different issue is that the model was made in two separate parts that in the end were mergedtogether. This was not successful and the model got twisted, meaning that points at sea-levelon the western side of the island could have a height value of -200 m, while the point at sealevelon the opposite side had a Z value of 100 m. Since this is not entirely corrected onSmåhumpane and Blåfjellet it is an important source of error.The PhotoModeler-model can contain errors related to quality of the photos, hence there hasbeen some problems with orienting photos taken with the 300 mm lens. The 300mm lensphotos are only used on the western side of the island, from Blåfjellet down to JohanHjortfjellet (See Figure 1.1). As discussed above, the western side of Blåfjellet andSmåhumpane still have frozen points controlling the model. This might be due to the photostaken with the 300mm lens. A frozen point is a point with fixed X, Y and Z values and is usedwhile processing the model. To orient a photo one needs to pick out at least 10 points on thephoto you want to orient and connect these with points placed at the exact same place onphotos that have already been oriented (Figure 2.1). If than these 10 points are frozen andhave inaccurate X, Y and Z values, the model is only processing due to these values. Themodel will orient, but not correctly since all the points that the newly oriented photo is basedon are inaccurate. If we than unfreeze these points, all the X, Y and Z values that the programthought was correct are gone, and the program will crash. This is the case for some of thephotos taken with the 300mm lens, hence these photos are part of the reason for inaccurate X,Y and Z values in this area.18
3. Lateral distribution of possible marker horizons3.1 Lateral distribution of the black interval at the uppermost part of theDe Geerdalen Formation (Hopen member)To pin point the exact location of this horizon is difficult, because it is not possible to followthis layer throughout the island. One can however see this prominent black belt at severalplaces at the island (e.g. Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2). The layer is quite characteristic that possiblemeasuring errors are most likely not more than 10 meters. To find out if this assumption iscorrect, I measured the distance from the base of this black belt up to the Slottet Bed in allareas where that was possible (Figure 3.1), to see if the thicknesses are more or less the samein all the areas. The thickness of the black interval is easy to find on Iversenfjellet, as well ason the southern part of Lyngefjellet, at the southern and northern part of the islandrespectively. The distance between Slottet Bed and base Hopen member is measured to be 66meters at Lyngefjellet South (Figure 3.1), while the distance between the same two layers atIversenfjellet is 68 meters (Figure 3.2), indicating that the black interval is the samestratigraphical interval on both of the mountains.(1) DiscussionThe measured logs are used to interpret if there is any change in depositional environment thathas caused the transition from the lighter coloured sediments deposited below the blackmember to the black interval. The log "Lyngefjellet south" was logged during the 1995expedition and in this area the transition to the black interval is clear (Figure 3.1). This logshows a clear shift from fluvial dominated delta plain sediments below to shallow marinesediments in the black interval (Figure 3.1A). The log indicates shallow marine environmentfor the entire black interval, which in the log, as well as in the PhotoModeler-model is about70 meters thick (Figure 3.1C). This log is defined as the type section for these black coloured,shallow marine sediments and will in this thesis be referred to as the Hopen member. A bitfurther north, on the northern side of Lyngefjellet, Binnedalen is situated. This location iseasily accessible and is therefore thoroughly logged. This log and the associated photo ofBinnedalen (Figure 3.3) is verifying the Hopen member, since one can see that there is aswitch to more shallow marine sedimentation at about 60-70 meters below the Slottet Bed(Figure 3.3C).19
Page 1: Visualize and interpret the geometr
Page 5 and 6: SammendragEn digital 3D-modell av H
Page 7: 4.2.3 Channel body 8 (SW of Lyngefj
Page 10 and 11: Secondly, I wish to thank my co-sup
Page 12 and 13: 1.3 Regional geological settingThe
Page 14 and 15: The Triassic of Svalbard consists o
Page 16 and 17: Geerdalen Formation is overlain by
Page 18 and 19: 1.5 Previous work at HopenThe Swedi
Page 21 and 22: 2. MethodsThe work of this thesis i
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 PhotoModeler-modelThe program P
Page 25: 2.3 Sources of errorThere are no kn
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.2: This photo and drawing
Page 31 and 32: 3.2 Lateral distribution of Slottet
Page 33 and 34: Hopen member and the top of the mou
Page 35 and 36: 4. Channel bodiesIn this chapter ob
Page 37 and 38: 4.1.1 Channel body 1 (Northern chan
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4.2: Photos and illustration
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.2 Channel body 2 (Binnedalen)Ch
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4.4: This figure illustrates
Page 45 and 46: (1) DiscussionFacies occurring in t
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Channel Body 4 (Johan Hjortfj
Page 53 and 54: Figure 4.10: Photos and illustratio
Page 55 and 56: The log shows that the channel body
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1 Channel body 5 (SW of Nørste
Page 59 and 60: (1) DiscussionOne of the interestin
Page 61 and 62: Another explanation of the apparent
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4.14: This figure illustrate
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.4 Channel body 9 (Blåfjellet,
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.16: Illustrates Channel bo
Page 69 and 70: The outcrop orientations and/or a n
Page 71 and 72: Unfortunately the stratigraphic int
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.22: An illustration of the
Page 75 and 76: 2006). Flaser bedding is characteri
Page 77 and 78:
elow the stratigraphical level of C
Page 79 and 80:
indications on the logs from the st
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 4.27: This figure illustrate
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 4.28: This Figure illustrate
Page 85 and 86:
is perhaps the best indication of a
Page 87 and 88:
4.31: This figure illustrates the w
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 4.32:Interpretation offault
Page 91 and 92:
4.3.1 Channel body 15 (NW of Braast
Page 93 and 94:
4.3.2 Channel body 16 (Blåfjellet
Page 95 and 96:
4.3.3 Channel body 17 (Djupskaret)C
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 4.36: This figureillustrates
Page 101 and 102:
5. Discussion5.1 Map relevant featu
Page 103 and 104:
Geerdalen Formation of no more than
Page 105 and 106:
ase of Hopen member. Going further
Page 107 and 108:
6. Conclusions18 channel bodies are
Page 109 and 110:
ReferencesAinsworth, R. B., Vakarel
Page 111:
Knarud, R. 1980. En sedimentologisk
Page 114 and 115:
AppendixAppendix 1: The measured se
Page 116 and 117:
108
Page 118 and 119:
Appendix 2: Legend of the measured
Page 120 and 121:
Appendix 4: Illustrations of the Ph
Page 122:
Figure 6: Illustration of the Photo
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