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24terms such as legitimacy, particularly in the third world, means that this issue can onlybe resolved according to the interests of a particular state on a case-by-case basis.Sixth, PMC may control or suppress conflict in a state, but may not resolve thefundamental issues which caused that conflict. PMC may also be contracted to actagainst legitimate desires for self-determination or even revolution.Seventh, PMC may not wish to completely resolve conflict, as to do so wouldremove the requirement for further contracts. 80 A tension may exist between the needto provide efficient services to the host country yet retain a lucrative contract.Eighth, PMC may disregard the laws of war and perpetrate human rights abuses.The Blackwater scandal is often cited as evidence of the potential for such activity. PMCtroops, like all soldiers, require good leadership and training to remove the temptationto misuse their power. 81Ninth, the loyalty and willingness for self-sacrifice espoused by PMC troops may beless than that of national armed forces. Leading military philosopher General Sir JohnHackett wrote in the 1980s of the ‘unlimited liability’ of military service—a pointedreference to the fact that getting killed may actually be part of the job. He questionedthe level of such ‘liability’ among PMC troops:A man will suffer great inconvenience and hardship for pay, and inflict a greatdeal more of it on other people. Men have often been known to kill others formoney, but the cases where they will sell their own lives for cash alone are, Iimagine, exceedingly rare. 82Reputation and reliabilityPMC personnel are motivated by relatively high remuneration, the desire foradventure and higher callings such as patriotism. Higher remuneration is one of theprimary reasons for disquiet about the operations of the PMC. Yet, as Michael Walzerinsists, there is no clear difference between troops from national armed forces andhired troops ‘who sell their services on the open market’. 83 The all-volunteer forces80 It is generally accepted that this occurred during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967–1970.81 G S Thomas, Mercenary Troops in Modern Africa, Westview Press, Boulder, 1984, pp. 51–52, 65–67.82 J Hackett, The Profession of Arms, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, p. 52.83 M Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, Penguin Books,Ringwood, Victoria, 1977, p. 27.