additing to ensuring legal equity and equality, is to“develop and integrate into the overall programs of legaltraining of the population issues focusing on the sociolegalstatus of women in society.”The demands directed to the educational establishmentsof the country were particularly significant. Theyneed to be quoted in full:To develop a strategy for the articulation and formationof the new world view that fosters thestudy of democracy [it is necessary] to develop anobjective understanding and acceptance of issuesof the history and current issues of women’smovement, the position of women in society. [It isnecessary] to introduce pertinent educational programs,textbooks and curricula that would striveto achieve this goal. To support research, especiallyin sociology, psychology and gender issues,that will raise the status of women in society.10The M inistry of Media was asked to develop programsthat would promote the discussion of genderissues and foster a more positive image of women in themedia. Regional council representatives were also encouragedto study these issues and insure some implementationof the UN convention.The Parliament noted but did not accept the recommendations. Speaker Moroz in his closing remarksassured the audience that Ukraine w ill honor the convention,especially in so far as it treats women as mothersand women as women. Parliamentary Chairmen donot often hear the arguments made in the House.These parliamentary hearings, despite their shortcomingsand brevity, mark a new step in bringingUkrainian women into political discourse and public life.The growth and awareness of the women’s movement ispredicated on economic, ecological and societal concerns,although it is often expressed in national patrioticrhetoric. Feminism has little impact on the establishmentof wom en’s organizations in Ukraine.The goals of women’s liberation and self-actualizationare rarely voiced openly by either younger orolder women in Ukraine. In good historical fashion, thewomen are subordinating their welfare to the commongoal, and the common goal is liberation — liberationfrom the fear of totalitarian terror, liberation from centralizedbureaucracy and liberation from econoimc scarcity.Most women seem to oppose m ilitarization, but notnecessarily central econom ic planning. They are alsoopposed to social experim entation and at times seem toidealize some idyllic conception of decency, morality,fam ily values; they write much about the pedagogicalrole of the women as the exponent of moral value andbemoan the reduction of women under the late socialistregime to m aterialistically greedy creatures. Yet manywomen, as many men, are convinced that a major functionof the government is to assure a decent existencefor its citizens. Disillusionm ent with dem ocratic politicsand the deteriorating economic condition contributed tothe unwillingness of women to run for office, and led tothe defeat of many of those who did.Awareness of women’s rights in the face of patriarchalcontrol is emerging very slowly. Feminism, in thesense of the assertion of women’s rights and of selfliberation,is not easily understood in Ukraine, wherethe woman (even more than the man) was raised in thetradition of service and self dedication to others or to anideal. This was true regardless of the ideology of thedom inant group — women saw themselves as servingan entity beyond the self. Pursuit of individual happinessis still not a popular or openly desired cultural traitin Ukraine, nor is it considered a valid goal fo r an individual.The goal for women is not emancipation or liberation,but rather, as had been the goal of early Americanwomen activists, the welfare of their community,making life better fo r others. Society in Ukraine is asociety in which fam ily structures, personal relationships,and traditional social relations determine worldviews and expectations. Western democracy, with itsstress on personal initiative and personal responsibility,with its impersonal relations embedded in law, with itsself-discipline and its work ethic, is understood by mostform er Soviets as a system of communal liberation, notof individual opportunity. This process is similar to themanner in which Eastern Europeans, at the beginning ofthe century, defined feminism as com m unity action,rather than women’s liberation.7. N airo b i C o n feren ce to en d discrim ination o f w o m en w asheld in Ju ly 1985. U krain e w as represented by co m m unistw o m en fro m G o rb ach ev’s restructurin g cam p. W ell off, securein th e co nvictio n of th e ir ju st claim to su p erio r status, thesew o m en th o u g h t th ey en jo yed th e fruits of life. T h e ir understand in g o f w o m en’s issues did not go beyond M arxist cant,but th e ir ex p o s u re to n o n -so viet reality, even in th e m eetingroom s of various w o m en ’s conferences, dem o nstrated to themth at th e ir ow n Soviet good life had a long w ay to go to reachbasic am en ities of th e so-called west.8. “R eco m m en d atio n s o f th e particip ants of th e P arliam en ta ry hearing s. Proposed by th e O rg an ized C o m m itte e to holdP arliam entary hearings, th e C o m m ittee on H um an Rights, rightsof natio nal m ino rities and in ter-eth n ic relations,” Kiev, <strong>1995</strong>, p.3.9. Ibid. p. 3-4.10. Ibid. p. 9.(T h is artic le orig inally ap peared in Transitions w hich ispublished by th e O pen M e d ia R esearch Institute. Vol. 1. No. 16.S eptem b er <strong>1995</strong>.)18 ’’НАШ Е Ж И ТТЯ ”, ГРУДЕНЬ <strong>1995</strong>
J A C Q U E S H N I Z D O V S K YCOMMEMORATIVE EXHIBITION AT THE UKRAINIAN MUSEUMby MARTA BACHYNSKYCarnation Plant. Woodcut, 1970. Edition of 100. 15 x 18.The retrospective exhibition of the works of Ukrainianartist Jacques Hnizdovsky opened at The UkrainianMuseum in New York City on Sunday, December 10,<strong>1995</strong>, commemorating the tenth anniversary of his deathand the eightieth anniversary of his birth.The exhibition features oil paintings and graphicworks, which comprise the largest and the most outstandingpart of the'artist’s ouevre. During his artisticcareer Hnizdovsky worked in various media, thus someof his ceramics and weavings w ill also be shown.Through this collection of works the exibition will explorethe artistic journey of a man whose creative endeavorswere unique in their expression and universal in theirappeal.The works on exhibit are from the fine arts collectionof The Ukrainian Museum and from private collections.The majority of the works were lent to the Museumby Stephanie Hnizdovsky, wife of the artist, and by theirdaughter Mira. They also provided invaluable assistancein the organization of the entire project.The exhibition is accompanied by a bilingual, illustrtatedcatalogue containing an analytical essay aboutthe artist’s work by curator of the exhibition Dr. JaroslawLeshko, professor of art history at Smith College,whose field of expertise is 20th century art.Dr. Leshko writes about the artist: "Hnizdovskylooked to the spiritual and physical verities of existencefrom which to draw the meaning for his art, which hetransformed through his distinctive vision into worksthat alternately surprise, impress, delight and provoke.The brilliance of his visual thinking and his extraordinaryeffort in bringing it to fruition is most impressing” .Jacques Hnizdovsky was born in the village ofPylypche, in the Borshchiv region of Ukraine on January27, 1915, an area rich in folk art tradition. Hnizdovskytook great pride in his cultural heritage andwithout doubt the aesthetic taste and splendid ornamentation,seen especially in Borshchiv embroidery,“ helped mold the artistic sensibilities of his talent” ,states Dr. Leshko.Hnizdovsky began his formal training in art in theAcademy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Poland and completedit in 1942 in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. During the war yearsand in its immedaite aftermath, he lived in a displacedpersons camp where he was very active in the intellectuallife of the Ukrainian community. Hnizdovsky workedas the artistic editor of literary and art magazine Arkapublished in 1947—48 in Munich and edited by ProfessorYurij Shevelov. He lent his talent to various projectsas book illustrator, poster designer and creator of manyexlibris designs. Upon coming to the United States in1949, Hnizdovsky became one of the founders of the"НАШЕ Ж И ТТЯ ”, ГРУДЕНЬ <strong>1995</strong> 19