higher than the $150 per month at most papers. If the journalist’s old paper paid well, he saidjournalists would not be inclined to leave 62 .The <strong>for</strong>mer business journalist said he did not actively seek private sector employment but wasinstead heavily recruited by banks. He decided to leave journalism partly because the financialobligations of adult life meant that he had to choose between sacrificing his ethics and accepting payfrom sources or poverty. Instead of compromising his journalistic integrity, he decided to leave theprofession. This <strong>for</strong>mer reporter had attended many local and international trainings in businessjournalism. He said his business training made him an attractive candidate <strong>for</strong> banks.The business sector’s pull means that the benefit of business journalism training is not long-lastingat newspapers – most trained journalists are recruited to work in corporate affairs. 63 Another reasonjournalists leave the profession is because they become frustrated with journalism. They feel they arenot making a difference and choose to leave. 64Still, interviewees said that journalists do not necessarily attend trainings with the idea of leaving theprofession. This is simply the outcome.This trend even affects the academic world. A professor we spoke with said the good journalismprofessors also leave to work in business. In desperate need of PhD professors to fill vacancies,many universities pull some <strong>for</strong>mer professors out of retirement to teach journalism. Although olderprofessors are cheaper, some interviewees said that they are not knowledgeable about current mediatrends or new media. 65Even as the lure of higher pay draws the majority of trained journalists to corporate jobs, a passion<strong>for</strong> the pen does bring some back to media. The founder of a business paper we interviewed leftjournalism to work in corporate affairs be<strong>for</strong>e coming back. One <strong>for</strong>mer business journalist whonow works at a bank continues to write under a pen name and hope to one day start his ownpaper. 66 A <strong>for</strong>mer reporter <strong>for</strong> a major newspaper who is now working in media affairs <strong>for</strong> a banksaid he made the move to gain corporate experience. He said he is “certain” that he will return tojournalism in six months or a year. Journalism is a profession that gives you power, he said. Withoutjournalism, he would lose a piece of himself. 67 Kirk Robertson Leigh, the freelance businessjournalist, expressed a similar sentiment. After a six-month hiatus from journalism working incorporate relations <strong>for</strong> a bank, Leigh returned to reporting, largely out of love <strong>for</strong> the work, despitethe fact that it does not pay as well.Challenges to reporting on the extractive industriesIn general, journalism on the extractive industries suffers from all the same challenges as journalismin other sectors. The oil industry is so intertwined with other sectors in Nigeria that it is difficult toidentify business and economic journalism that is not in some way related to the extractives. But theimportance of oil to Nigeria’s economy, and the opacity of oil ventures in general, tend to amplify62 Nigerian Interviewee #5. 2009. Interview by Ben Colmery and Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January63 Nigerian Interviewee #2. 2009. Interview by Ben Colmery and Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January64 Nigerian Interviewee #12. 2009. Interview by Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January65 Nigerian Interviewee #2. 2009. Interview by Ben Colmery. Lagos, Nigeria, January66 Nigerian Interviewee #5. 2009. Interview by Ben Colmery and Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January67 Nigerian Interviewee #20. 2009. Interview by Eamon Kircher-Allen. Lagos, Nigeria, March– 22 –
the effects of these challenges <strong>for</strong> journalists directly writing about the sector. This is especially true<strong>for</strong> journalists reporting from the Niger Delta, which, although we did not personally visit it, weunderstand to present a much more difficult environment <strong>for</strong> media.The lack of resources available to journalists is one example of a challenge that the demands of theextractive industry amplify. Ibanga Isine, the Port Harcourt-based editor of Punch, said thatjournalists working <strong>for</strong> Nigerian media outlets cannot hope to offer comprehensive coverage of oilspills because they lack the transportation, security and recording equipment to venture into theswamps. Isine described watching in frustration as CNN and other international media – often inNigeria on a very temporary basis – got exclusive coverage of environmental disasters that directlyaffected local communities.This dynamic, Issine said, also means that international media report on the Nigerian oil industryonly as a series of crises.“What CNN sees is not what I see,” he said. “What they see is crisis – what they want is crisis. Butyou can also see the positive things: in spite of the crisis, the oil is still being exported. One begins towonder whether the media is helping the crisis.”A media consultant said that extractive sector reporting focuses too much on the criminal aspect ofoil. He said reporting should focus on core and technical challenges, such as the disconnect betweenthe Nigerian oil sector and Nigerian society. “Nigeria could go on fire and burn down and the oilindustry wouldn’t even notice,” he said. 68Journalists reported that access to in<strong>for</strong>mation is also particularly difficult when covering the oilindustry. Oil companies wield an enormous amount of power, and even more than Lagos-basedbanks and other businesses are under no pressure to respond in a timely manner to in<strong>for</strong>mationrequests. When responding to breaking news, Issine said, oil companies are in no rush to releaserelevant in<strong>for</strong>mation. “We try all we can to get everyone in government and oil companies to tellyou exactly what happened, but it takes about eight hours to get back to you,” he said. “No matterhow good you are, where you are trained, the level of your education – when the attitude, cultureand infrastructure on the ground are not there, you can’t be there.”On the other hand, even when journalists can get in<strong>for</strong>mation from oil companies, they may nothave the expertise to contextualize it in their reporting. There is a minimum of extractive industryspecialization offered in mass communications programs, and even in the most comprehensivejournalism training programs we canvassed, extractives training was at most a small section of thecurriculum. In fact, oil companies are often the only entities offering training to journalists coveringthe oil industry. This, of course, means that even when oil companies are genuinely invested intraining, the line between training and propaganda can become blurry.Interviewees said that journalists covering extractive industries need to have a better understanding69 70of petroleum pricing and oil industry accounting standards, which are not standardized.68 Nigerian Interviewee #2. 2009. Interview by Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January69 Nigerian Interviewee #3. 2009. Interview by Ben Colmery and Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January70 Nigerian Interviewee #12. 2009. Interview by Adriana Diaz. Lagos, Nigeria, January– 23 –
- Page 1 and 2: THEREWILLBE INKA study of journalis
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people who have no journalism backg
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analyzes business,” he said, “e
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A journalist with The Punch said,
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The Media Foundation for West Afric
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Length of TrainingRoughly three-qua
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industries, for instance, ought to
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otherwise being published in the pr
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Non-Training Recommendations for Ug
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Appendix A: NigeriaPotential Partne
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journalists. Biakolo is very profes
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Television Stations• Nigerian Tel
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have two to four month professional
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City: AccraTelephone: +233 (021) 22
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Fax: +256 414 255 495E-mail: umdf@a
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• What do you think are the most
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Appendix E: Survey Questions1. Name
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18. How effective were the teaching
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28. What are the most important cha
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1. Journalists by Country2. How wou
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5. How often do you travel out of t
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9. Which organization(s) sponsored
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12. After completing the training(s