Dean Biakolo pointed out that most training is supported and funded by media houses, which in hismind shows a commitment to and investment in their journalists. The prospect of receiving training,he thinks, should provide more incentive <strong>for</strong> journalists to stay in journalism. Biakolo believes thatthere will be journalists who leave the profession after training, but that overall, business journalismshould improve as a result of training. 98There is one important caveat about these findings on journalists leaving the profession as a resultof training. While training itself did not appear to cause flight from journalism to other professionswithin our sample, it is possible that our sample is slightly skewed. Our team spoke primarily withjournalists who are still in the industry, or who had returned, but with only a few journalists who hadleft and had not returned. We drew our sample from training lists of organizations that hadconducted trainings, and from people who are current journalists. Those training lists almost entirelycontained current journalists, and furthermore, current journalists connected us primarily to fellowjournalists within their media outlets. People who are no longer journalists during our research weremuch harder to locate. There<strong>for</strong>e, it is certainly possible that a larger sample size of <strong>for</strong>merjournalists would produce results suggesting that training could promote “brain drain.” However,the journalists our researchers spoke with were emphatic that fewer journalists are leaving theindustry, and that more are returning, because pay is increasing and people are starting to think ofjournalism as a career. Moreover, training is having the effect of raising pay in the industry, andincreasing the perception of journalism as a career.98 Emevmo Biakolo. 2009. Interview by Ben Colmery. Lagos, Nigeria, January 14.– 32 –
Notes on conducting research in NigeriaFour researchers in total traveled to the city-state of Lagos, Nigeria; two in January 2009 (BenColmery and Adriana Diaz) <strong>for</strong> two weeks and two in March 2009 (Emily Gann and EamonKircher-Allen), also <strong>for</strong> two weeks. Researchers were able to conduct a large number of interviewsand visited a great many of Nigeria’s media houses. In general, researchers felt that they had anextremely good impression of the media environment in Lagos.It should be noted, however, that Nigeria is enormous and incredibly diverse and that, while Lagosis certainly the media capital of the country, there is a great deal to be learned about other regions, aswell. As we have noted in this report, media conditions are different in the Niger Delta, an area ofspecial concern <strong>for</strong> the extractives. But media conditions are undoubtedly different in Nigeria’sother metropolises as well – even if not many newspapers are based in them – from Joss to Kano toMaidugri and beyond.These differences, and other challenges our researchers faced, will likely be relevant <strong>for</strong> anyoneplanning training programs in Nigeria, as well.Like every country, Nigeria has unique characteristics that can make fieldwork there challenging. Thecountry’s infrastructural, logistical, and financial predicaments are constant hurdles <strong>for</strong> both<strong>for</strong>eigners and locals. Nigeria’s infrastructure cannot support the population demand, most acutelyin terms of electricity, transportation and Internet.The World Bank estimates that fewer than 40 percent of Nigerians have access to electricity. 99Despite being the world’s sixth largest producer of oil, Nigeria’s electricity grid can only meet 10percent of the country’s electricity demand. 100 Many Nigerians we spoke to said they receive aroundfour hours of electricity per day. Most businesses and hotels have generators to cover poweroutages. Brief blackouts occur throughout the day when state-supplied power goes out andgenerators are booted on. While such blackouts occurred throughout many of our meetings inNigeria, our interviews continued uninterrupted since blackouts are a regular part of daily life. Inaddition, generators cost as much as $3,000 per month.Under-developed transportation infrastructure is also a hindrance to doing work in Nigeria. Whilewell-paved roads between cities make <strong>for</strong> smooth longer-distance travel, poor roads in the city makeurban travel (at least in the case of Lagos) a day-long affair. Despite Lagos’s booming populationgrowth over the past 30 years, few roads have been added to the city grid. Depending on the time ofday and direction of travel it can take up to four hours to get across the city. The inefficiency oftravel limited our research to two interviews a day and may be a logistical challenge to holding atraining session in the city of Lagos.Many of these infrastructural challenges are characteristics of most developing nations. Less obviousis Nigeria’s high cost of living. This was a major challenge to our research. Internet is slow, andwhile it is available in most hotels and businesses, it is costly. Prices <strong>for</strong> food, lodging, and99 http://www.lightingafrica.org/node/412100 Although Nigeria’s demand <strong>for</strong> electricity can reach 30,000 megawatts, its energy grid supplies less than 3000megawatts: http://towerofbabel.com/2008/06/26/nigerias-electricity-crisis-renewable-energy-the-opportunities/– 33 –
- Page 1 and 2: THEREWILLBE INKA study of journalis
- Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsThis paper has bene
- Page 7 and 8: Executive SummaryPurpose of the Rep
- Page 9 and 10: journalists in these countries that
- Page 11 and 12: Existing International Training Opp
- Page 13 and 14: • Consumer Affairs and Informatio
- Page 15 and 16: Background 3Of the three countries
- Page 17 and 18: pervasive conflict in the Niger Del
- Page 19 and 20: 3) Crises or disruptions, where som
- Page 21 and 22: Low pay and low regardOne of the mo
- Page 23 and 24: Even in cases where working journal
- Page 25 and 26: But while some reporters think FOIB
- Page 27 and 28: When asked how much the media could
- Page 29 and 30: the effects of these challenges for
- Page 31 and 32: detailed analysis of the opportunit
- Page 33 and 34: journalist said he has, however,
- Page 35 and 36: completely make use of some of the
- Page 37: money. Their knowledge of what medi
- Page 41 and 42: Ghana- 35 -
- Page 43 and 44: evenues each year,” 106 which wou
- Page 45 and 46: entertainment news, scandals, and p
- Page 47 and 48: The rise of business-focused journa
- Page 49 and 50: coverage of the oil industry is als
- Page 51 and 52: needed supplementary income to cash
- Page 53 and 54: as supporting one political party o
- Page 55 and 56: Numerous journalists recounted how
- Page 57 and 58: Training programs available to busi
- Page 59 and 60: Amos Safo, editor-in-chief at the p
- Page 61 and 62: Notes on conducting research in Gha
- Page 63 and 64: Background 136Literacy and Educatio
- Page 65 and 66: “sufficient information” about
- Page 67 and 68: or criminal charges for content the
- Page 69 and 70: have such difficulty obtaining info
- Page 71 and 72: The majority of those interviewed b
- Page 73 and 74: commitment to their profession and
- Page 75 and 76: Notes on Conducting Research in Uga
- Page 77 and 78: Recommendations for Revenue Watch I
- Page 79 and 80: people who have no journalism backg
- Page 81 and 82: analyzes business,” he said, “e
- Page 83 and 84: A journalist with The Punch said,
- Page 85 and 86: The Media Foundation for West Afric
- Page 87 and 88: Length of TrainingRoughly three-qua
- Page 89 and 90:
industries, for instance, ought to
- Page 91 and 92:
otherwise being published in the pr
- Page 93 and 94:
Non-Training Recommendations for Ug
- Page 95 and 96:
Appendix A: NigeriaPotential Partne
- Page 97 and 98:
journalists. Biakolo is very profes
- Page 99 and 100:
Television Stations• Nigerian Tel
- Page 101 and 102:
have two to four month professional
- Page 103 and 104:
City: AccraTelephone: +233 (021) 22
- Page 105 and 106:
Fax: +256 414 255 495E-mail: umdf@a
- Page 107 and 108:
• What do you think are the most
- Page 109 and 110:
Appendix E: Survey Questions1. Name
- Page 111 and 112:
18. How effective were the teaching
- Page 113 and 114:
28. What are the most important cha
- Page 115 and 116:
1. Journalists by Country2. How wou
- Page 117 and 118:
5. How often do you travel out of t
- Page 119 and 120:
9. Which organization(s) sponsored
- Page 121:
12. After completing the training(s