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de Fitopatología 71, 18–28.Buonaurio R., Della Torre G., Cappelli C., Morini G., 1990. Infezioni diPenicillium corimbiferum sulla coltura dello zafferano in Abruzzo.Informatore Agrario, 46(41), 68-70.Cappelli C., 1994. Occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli onsaffron in Italy. Phitopath. Medit., 33, 93-94.Cappelli C., Buonaurio R., Polverari A., 1991. Occurrence of Penicilliuncorymbiferum on saffron in Italy. Plant Pathology, 40, 148-149.Carta C., Fiori M., Franceschini A., 1982. Il “marciume carbonioso” dei bulbidello zafferano (Crocus sativus L.). Studi-Sassaresi, Sez. III. Annalidella Facoltà di Agraria dell’Università di Sassari, XXIX, 193-197.Cepeda, M. (1996). Nematología agrícola. Trillas, Barcelona, España.Charalabos D. Kanakis, Dimitra J. Daferera, Tarantilis, Petros A. Moschos,G. Polissiou (2004), Qualitative determination of volatile compoundsand quantitative evaluation of safranal and 4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde (HTCC) in Greek saffron. Journal ofAgriculture and FoodChemistry, 52, 4515-4521.Chen JiShuang, 2000. Occurrence and control of mosaic disease [turnipmosaic virus] in saffron (Crocus sativus). Zhejiang Nongye Kexue.2000, 3, 132-135.Christie, J.R. (1982). Nematodos de los vegetales. Su ecología y control.Limuse, México D.F., México.Chrungoo, N. K. y Farooq, S. (1985). Correlative changes in carbohydratecontent and starch hydrolysing enzymes in corms of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus L.) during dormancy and sprouting. Biochem. Physiol.Pflanzen 180, 55-61.Chrungoo, N. K.; Koul, K. K. y Farooq, S. (1983). Carbohydrate changes incorms of saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.) during dormancy andsprouting. Trop. Plant Sci. Res. 1 (4), 295-298.Corradi C. y Micheli G. (1979). Caratteristiche generali dello zafferano: Boll.Chim. Farm. 118, 537-52.Currò P.; Lanuzza F. y Micali G. (1986) Valutazione della frazione volatile dellozafferano mediante gascromatografia dello spazio di testa. RassegnaChim. 6, 331-34De Juan Valero, J.A. y Lozano Denia, M.D. (1991). Situación fitotécnica dela superficie dedicada al cultivo en secano en la zona del canal deAlbacete. Tomo I.Departamento de Producción Vegetaly Tecnología Agraria. UCLM.De Juan, J.A.; Botella, O.; Moya, A. y Muzoz, R. (2006). Revisión bibliográficaacerca del cultivo del azafrán. En preparación.De Mastro, G. y Ruta, C. (1993). Relation between corm size and saffron(Crocus sativus L.) flowering. Acta Hort. 344, 512-517.DOCM (1999). Especificaciones para los azafranes protegidos por estaDenominación de Origen, que comprende aquellos azafranesproducidos en una zona geográfica delimitada de la ComunidadAutónoma de Castilla – La Mancha.19 de Febrero de 1999. Orden de11-02-99. Núm 10, Pág 1098-1112.European Pharmacopoeia (2002). 4th Ed., 2381-2382.Farooq, S. y Koul, K. K. (1983). Changes in gibberellin-like activity in corms208
of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.) during dormancy and sprouting.Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 178, 685-689.Fernández Pérez, J. A., Escribano Martínez, J., (2000). Biotecnología delazafrán. Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca.Fiori M., Corda P., Carta C., (1983). Pseudomonas corrugata Roberts etScarlett agente della necrosi del midollo del pomodoro (Lycopersicumaesculentum mill.). Rivista di Patologia vegetale, 19, 21-27.Fiori M., (1992). A new bacterial disease of Chrysanthemum: a stem rot byPseudomonas corrugata Roberts et Scarlett. Phitopath. Medit., 31,110-114.Fiori M., 2002. Avversità. In: Zafferano. Storia, Cultura, Coltivazione eImpiego a San Gavino Monreale e in Sardegna. 68-73.Fiori M. Virdis S., Schiaffino A., (2005). A bacterial disease of saffroncaused by Burkolderia gladioli and Pseudomonas spp. XII CongressoNazionale S.I.Pa.V.Scilla (RC). In corso di stampa.Ferri S.; Franchi G.C.; Mazzei E.; Mirali E. y Corti P. (1997) Picrocrocin andcrocetin content in four clones of saffron (Crocus sativus L. –Iridaceae)and some other species of Genus Crocus. Acta Phytother. 3, 34-41.Francesconi, A. (1973). The rotting of bulbs of Crocus sativus L. by Penicilliumcyclopium Westing. Ann. Bot. 32, 63 – 70.Galigani, P.F. y Garbati Pegna, F. (1999). Mechanized saffron cultivation,including harvesting. In Negbi, M. (Ed.) Saffron. Crocus sativus L. Ed.Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam. pg115-126.García Pozuelo, E. (1960). El azafrán. Cultivo y preparación. Hoja Divulgadora4, Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid, España.Garcia-Jiménez J., Piera V. J., Alfaro Garcia A., (1985). Los “soldatos”,una nueva enfermedad del azafrán (Crocus sativus L.) en España.IV Congreso nacional de Fitopatología. Sociedad española defitopatología. Pamplona Octubre 1985, 76.Garcia-Jiménez J., Alfaro Garcia A., (1987). Fusarium oxisporumSchlecht. as casual agent of a seedborne disease of saffron (Crocussativus L.). Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the MediterraneanPhytopathological Union. September 1987, Granada (Spain), 156.Garrido, J. L.; Díez De Bihencourt, C. y Revilla, E. (1985). El azafrán.Agricultura, Madrid, España.Giaccio M. (1990). Components and features of saffron. In: Lo zafferano– Tammaro F., Marra L. ed.). pg 135-149.Ingram, S. J. (1969). Saffron (Crocus sativus L L.). Trop. Sci. 11, 177-184.Ionita A., H. Iliescu, V. Jinga e E. Iordache, (1995). Macrophomina phaseolina,parazit periculos al plantelor de cultura posibilitati de combatere.Probleme de Protectia Plantelor. 1995, 23: 2, 179-196.ISO 3632-1/2 (1993) Normative. Crocus sativus L. Saffron.Ed. ISO, Geneva,Switzerland.ISO/TS 3632-1/2 (2003) Technical Specification. Crocus sativus L. Saffron.Ed. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland.ITAP. (1998). Especial azafrán. Boletín del Instituto Técnico AgronómicoProvincial de Albacete 34, Albacete, España.Jiménez, J.A. (2003). Estudio de la influencia de diferentes variablesagronómicas en la reproducción de cormos y floración anual. Controlde malas hierbas mediante tratamientos químicos en el cultivo del209
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REGIONAL SAFFRON CULTIVA-TION AND H
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ApbBMarking of two different areas
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A1.3.2 Soil preparation before plan
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Βulbs without tegumentTests in nat
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eason is known for preferring the o
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A1.3.6 EradicationWeeds cause a los
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· Putting smoke cartridges into th
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Harvesting of saffron flowers (ITAP
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A1.3.8.5 EfficiencyIn Castile-La Ma
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A1.4 MECHANIZATION OF SAFFRON CULTI
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A1.4.3.2Modifying other cultivation
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A1.5.2.2Flowering in storage roomsA
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SAFFRON TREATMENTIN SPAIN, GREECE A
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SAFFRON TREATMENTIN SPAIN, GREECE A
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Separation in Castile-La Mancha (UC
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perseverance. Afterwards, the stigm
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STORAGE AND PACKAGINGof SAFFRONin S
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STORAGE AND PACKAGINGof SAFFRONin S
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A3.2.1 Cleaning: removal of foreign
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- The packing material should be ch
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side of the package are placed by h
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QUALITY DETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES IN
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QUALITY DETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES IN
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A4.1.1.2Determination through crude
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A4.1.1.8extractsCrocine, picrocroci
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FeaturesFeaturesI II IIIFlower resi
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A4.1.2.3. Ashes non soluble in acid
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A4.1.2.7 Ethereal extractEthereal e
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Picture 5. UV-Vis absorption spectr
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Technical specification for the use
Page 65 and 66: A4.2 ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSISOrganolep
Page 67 and 68: The saffron is rated on a scale fro
Page 69 and 70: A4.3 ADULTERATIONSDue to its high t
Page 71 and 72: should be controlled and should be
Page 73 and 74: Phase Duration (min) Phase A Phase
Page 75 and 76: Picture 7. Chromatogram at 432 nm f
Page 77 and 78: Seasonal phaseLengthInner diameterO
Page 79: Salmonella identificationThe method
Page 82 and 83: Flowers and stigmas (UCLM)
Page 84 and 85: external cost - are not consumed in
Page 86 and 87: Cultivation activitiesSoil preparat
Page 94 and 95: Cultivation activitiesSurface ferti
Page 96 and 97: Cultivation activitiesWeed controlS
Page 98 and 99: Cultivation activitiesWeed controlS
Page 100 and 101: A5.1.2 FEASIBILITY STUDYDynamic inv
Page 102 and 103: A5.1.3.2ClassificationThe purchased
Page 104 and 105: Following graphic demonstrates that
Page 106 and 107: As one can clearly see in the graph
Page 108 and 109: In Italy the total sales value in S
Page 110 and 111: A5.2.5 A5.2.5 SAFFRON SALES DEPENDI
Page 112 and 113: In Greece saffron is used as powder
Page 115: BIBLIOGRAPHYAbdullaev, F.I., Frenke
Page 119 and 120: sativus L.), 183-207.Negbi, M.; Dag
Page 121: Tarantilis, P. A.; Tsoupras G. and
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