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external cost – are not consumed in the period of only one productioncycle. Thus, it is necessary to calculate the part of the cost thatcorresponds to partial consumption of production factors.• Labor force: Group of workers, who provide services during theproduction procedure. Those costs could be fixed or variable,depending on the payment system. If the payment depends onactivity volume the costs are variable, in every other case thecosts are fixed.• Tractors, tools and farming equipment. Farming machinery is aproduction element that is partially destroyed during the wholeprocedure. Machinery creates direct or indirect costs due towear-out. Thus, the cost of their use is considered as a farmingproduction cost.A5.1.1.2. Gross incomeThe gross income of a production includes all main product sellingrevenues as well as those revenues from secondary products or by-productsof the same production.The calculation of the prices for main products as well as for byproductsis based on a market analysis.A5.1.1.3. Gross profit marginAccording to decision 85/377, June the 7th 1985 of the EEC Committee,which establishes a gross profit margin typology for agriculturalholdings, following criteria should be taken into consideration:• Gross profit of a agricultural holding is the gross production valueminus all special allocated expenses.• Gross production value equals to the aggregation of the main productvalue added to the value of the secondary product.The direct expenses that must be deducted from the gross incomein order to calculate the gross profit are mentioned in section 6.1.1.1.Following tables demonstrate production costs, revenues and grossprofit for five years, starting from bulb planting in Greece, Spain andItaly.176
Cultivation activitiesSoil preparation (scraping)Date Amount Unit Value Sum (€)JulyPlowing discs 1 Field treatment 42 42Cultivator 2 Field treatment 27 54In depth fertilizingJulyFertilizing 20 Tons 18 361Harrowing 1 Field treatment 33 33PlantingSeptemberBulb crushing roll 1 Field treatment 7 7Bulb-planting application 1 Field treatment 150 150Girfil sieve 120-96-R4-2128 12.500 ml 0,025 313Bulbs 6.000 kg 2,1 12.621HarvestOctoberFlower harvesting 2,6 kg 385 1.000Pruning 2,6 kg 314 815Drying 2,6 kg 12 31Total cultivation activities 15.428REVENUESSaffron (10% humidity) 2,6 kg 1036 2.694REVENUE SUM 2.694OverviewCosts 15.428Revenues 2.694Gross Profit - 12.733Table 16. Production costs, revenues and gross profit for the year 0in Spain177
Page 1 and 2:
REGIONAL SAFFRON CULTIVA-TION AND H
Page 5 and 6:
ApbBMarking of two different areas
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A1.3.2 Soil preparation before plan
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Βulbs without tegumentTests in nat
Page 11:
eason is known for preferring the o
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A1.3.6 EradicationWeeds cause a los
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· Putting smoke cartridges into th
Page 19 and 20:
Harvesting of saffron flowers (ITAP
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A1.3.8.5 EfficiencyIn Castile-La Ma
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A1.4 MECHANIZATION OF SAFFRON CULTI
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A1.4.3.2Modifying other cultivation
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A1.5.2.2Flowering in storage roomsA
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SAFFRON TREATMENTIN SPAIN, GREECE A
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SAFFRON TREATMENTIN SPAIN, GREECE A
Page 33 and 34: Separation in Castile-La Mancha (UC
Page 35 and 36: perseverance. Afterwards, the stigm
Page 37 and 38: STORAGE AND PACKAGINGof SAFFRONin S
Page 39 and 40: STORAGE AND PACKAGINGof SAFFRONin S
Page 41 and 42: A3.2.1 Cleaning: removal of foreign
Page 43 and 44: - The packing material should be ch
Page 45 and 46: side of the package are placed by h
Page 47 and 48: QUALITY DETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES IN
Page 49 and 50: QUALITY DETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES IN
Page 51 and 52: A4.1.1.2Determination through crude
Page 53 and 54: A4.1.1.8extractsCrocine, picrocroci
Page 55 and 56: FeaturesFeaturesI II IIIFlower resi
Page 57 and 58: A4.1.2.3. Ashes non soluble in acid
Page 59 and 60: A4.1.2.7 Ethereal extractEthereal e
Page 61 and 62: Picture 5. UV-Vis absorption spectr
Page 63 and 64: Technical specification for the use
Page 65 and 66: A4.2 ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSISOrganolep
Page 67 and 68: The saffron is rated on a scale fro
Page 69 and 70: A4.3 ADULTERATIONSDue to its high t
Page 71 and 72: should be controlled and should be
Page 73 and 74: Phase Duration (min) Phase A Phase
Page 75 and 76: Picture 7. Chromatogram at 432 nm f
Page 77 and 78: Seasonal phaseLengthInner diameterO
Page 79: Salmonella identificationThe method
Page 82 and 83: Flowers and stigmas (UCLM)
Page 86 and 87: Cultivation activitiesSoil preparat
Page 94 and 95: Cultivation activitiesSurface ferti
Page 96 and 97: Cultivation activitiesWeed controlS
Page 98 and 99: Cultivation activitiesWeed controlS
Page 100 and 101: A5.1.2 FEASIBILITY STUDYDynamic inv
Page 102 and 103: A5.1.3.2ClassificationThe purchased
Page 104 and 105: Following graphic demonstrates that
Page 106 and 107: As one can clearly see in the graph
Page 108 and 109: In Italy the total sales value in S
Page 110 and 111: A5.2.5 A5.2.5 SAFFRON SALES DEPENDI
Page 112 and 113: In Greece saffron is used as powder
Page 115 and 116: BIBLIOGRAPHYAbdullaev, F.I., Frenke
Page 117 and 118: of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.
Page 119 and 120: sativus L.), 183-207.Negbi, M.; Dag
Page 121: Tarantilis, P. A.; Tsoupras G. and
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