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Saffron field at peak of its vegetation activity (ERSAT)Fig. 6. Harvesting machines for saffron flowers112
A1.3.8.5 EfficiencyIn Castile-La Mancha maximum efficiency is reached during the first andsecond year (i.e. the second and third flowering year) and diminishes in thefollowing years. Efficiency decrease depends closely on the salinity of the cultivation.If the salinity is good, the production cycle can last even up to sevenyears.In Western Macedonia, the annual saffron production reaches an averageof 10 kg per hectare and depends to a large extent, on the climatic conditionsduring fall.In Sardinia, efficiency varies greatly during the four years of the productioncycle. In the first year, production reaches 650.000-700.000 flowers per hectare(5 kg of dry stigmas per hectare), in the second year about 1.300.000-1.400.000flowers per hectare (10 kg of dry stigmas per hectare), in the third year productionreaches 1.950.000-2.100.000 flowers per hectare (15 kg of dry stigmas perhectare) and in the fourth year production falls to 1.300.000-1.400.000 flowersper hectare (10 kg of dry stigmas per hectare).A1.3.9 Bulb harvestingA1.3.9.1 Bulb grubbingBulb grubbing is the most important task for the cultivation of saffron.The quality of the planting material is closely related to the possiblewounds that occur on the plant during grubbing. Thus it is important,that the applied systems would not damage the bulbs. It is also importantthat the bulb should not be exposed to the sun for more than 2hours. The bulbs should be stored in dark places with sufficient ventilationand on a layer of no more than 40 cm. Material should be treatedvery cautiously during each task.In Castile-La Mancha, grubbing takes place in June and July, whenthe temperature is high and the soil very dry. If the ground has not beentreated and sand is lacking, this could lead to the formation of earthlumps, decreasing thus efficiency and increasing the possibility of plantinjuries (especially when machinery is used). There are two solutions toprevent a situation like this:· Light field irrigation 48 hours before grubbing. Immediately after irrigationis completed, grubbing should take place since it would be fatal forthe bulbs to stay in this humid environment at this time of the year.· Treating the soil in a narrow depth of 10 cm. This would have nonegative effects provided the plants lie on the same level.End of August would be not a good season for grubbing becauseduring this time the plant grows roots. The stems are 1 and 2 cm longand difficulties in the next sprouting could occur.In Western Macedonia, in order to interrupt cultivation, bulb grub-113
Page 1 and 2: REGIONAL SAFFRON CULTIVA-TION AND H
Page 5 and 6: ApbBMarking of two different areas
Page 7 and 8: A1.3.2 Soil preparation before plan
Page 9 and 10: Βulbs without tegumentTests in nat
Page 11: eason is known for preferring the o
Page 15 and 16: A1.3.6 EradicationWeeds cause a los
Page 17 and 18: · Putting smoke cartridges into th
Page 19: Harvesting of saffron flowers (ITAP
Page 23 and 24: A1.4 MECHANIZATION OF SAFFRON CULTI
Page 25 and 26: A1.4.3.2Modifying other cultivation
Page 27 and 28: A1.5.2.2Flowering in storage roomsA
Page 29 and 30: SAFFRON TREATMENTIN SPAIN, GREECE A
Page 31 and 32: SAFFRON TREATMENTIN SPAIN, GREECE A
Page 33 and 34: Separation in Castile-La Mancha (UC
Page 35 and 36: perseverance. Afterwards, the stigm
Page 37 and 38: STORAGE AND PACKAGINGof SAFFRONin S
Page 39 and 40: STORAGE AND PACKAGINGof SAFFRONin S
Page 41 and 42: A3.2.1 Cleaning: removal of foreign
Page 43 and 44: - The packing material should be ch
Page 45 and 46: side of the package are placed by h
Page 47 and 48: QUALITY DETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES IN
Page 49 and 50: QUALITY DETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES IN
Page 51 and 52: A4.1.1.2Determination through crude
Page 53 and 54: A4.1.1.8extractsCrocine, picrocroci
Page 55 and 56: FeaturesFeaturesI II IIIFlower resi
Page 57 and 58: A4.1.2.3. Ashes non soluble in acid
Page 59 and 60: A4.1.2.7 Ethereal extractEthereal e
Page 61 and 62: Picture 5. UV-Vis absorption spectr
Page 63 and 64: Technical specification for the use
Page 65 and 66: A4.2 ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSISOrganolep
Page 67 and 68: The saffron is rated on a scale fro
Page 69 and 70: A4.3 ADULTERATIONSDue to its high t
Page 71 and 72:
should be controlled and should be
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Phase Duration (min) Phase A Phase
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Picture 7. Chromatogram at 432 nm f
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Seasonal phaseLengthInner diameterO
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Salmonella identificationThe method
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Flowers and stigmas (UCLM)
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external cost - are not consumed in
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Cultivation activitiesSoil preparat
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Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
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Cultivation activitiesSurface ferti
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Cultivation activitiesWeed controlS
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Cultivation activitiesWeed controlS
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A5.1.2 FEASIBILITY STUDYDynamic inv
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A5.1.3.2ClassificationThe purchased
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Following graphic demonstrates that
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As one can clearly see in the graph
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In Italy the total sales value in S
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A5.2.5 A5.2.5 SAFFRON SALES DEPENDI
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In Greece saffron is used as powder
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAbdullaev, F.I., Frenke
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of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.
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sativus L.), 183-207.Negbi, M.; Dag
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Tarantilis, P. A.; Tsoupras G. and
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