Anhanguera pterosaur skeleton found aroundRichmond showing bits recovered from variousspecimens. Image courtesy Paul Stumkat.Scientific studyAs well as being an educational facility, Kronosaurus Korner undertakesscientific study. For example, the Richmond Pliosaur is beingstudied on-site and is almost 100% complete. It could be the bestpreserved marine vertebrate skeleton in <strong>Australia</strong>. The laboratorywindow in the gallery provides direct viewing for museum visitors.A recent find <strong>of</strong> an adult ichthyosaur has a completely preservedbody section (a first for <strong>Australia</strong>). A specimen <strong>of</strong> ichthyosaurPlatypterygius longmani exhibits a number <strong>of</strong> young still in theabdominal cavity. Exciting stuff!Asked about the attraction <strong>of</strong> the Dinosaur Trail and why thereare regular digs, Paul Stumkat says, “Organised digs are one <strong>of</strong> theonly opportunities where university graduates and the generalpublic can not only experience the process <strong>of</strong> uncovering asignificant specimen but also have their questions and curiositysatisfied by a curator <strong>of</strong> paleontology.“Engagement with the visitor is high priority for KronosaurusKorner. Not only do we want a budding paleontologist to learn about<strong>Australia</strong>’s fabulous geological past but we also want them to havethe opportunity to discover their own piece <strong>of</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>n prehistory.Richmond is fortunate that it is strategically placed among therichest Cretaceous fossil beds in <strong>Australia</strong>. It is not unusual foramateur fossil hunters to pick up fragments from Richmond publicfossil hunting sites <strong>of</strong> marine reptiles ranging from a giantKronosaurus tooth to 110-million-year-old marine turtle shell oreven an ichthyosaur vertebra. Often tourists will bring in a sample<strong>of</strong> a specimen that turns into a spectacular specimen. Some <strong>of</strong> thesefantastic finds can be seen on display in Kronosaurus Korner museumwith many finds turning into week-long field excavations. Weencourage visitors to have their photo taken with their spectaculardiscoveries so they can tell their family or friends to go online[to http://www.kronosauruskorner.com.au/new-finds]”.Paul says, “Unravelling the paleontological past can be liketrying to read a book that has been left out in the weather for100 million years. This is why it is so difficult for scientists todiscover the biological diversity <strong>of</strong> past environments. Often only afragment <strong>of</strong> a highly specialised animal may remain to be interpretedby a paleontologist. Sometimes not so successfully.”Details Kronosaurus Australovenator Minmi Diamantinasaurus Tyrannosaurusqueenslandicus wintonensis paravertebra matildae rexKronosaurus Banjo Minmi Matilda T.RexWhere Richmond, Qld Winton, Qld Minmi Crossing, Qld Winton, Qld USA, (Montana Texas, Utah(near Roma) andand Wyoming), CanadaMarathon Station near(Alberta) and Saskatchewan)Hughendenand MongoliaPeriod Early Cretaceous Early Cretaceous Early Cretaceous Early Cretaceous Late Cretaceous,Time (Aptian–Albian) (Latest Albian) (Aptian) (Latest Albian) about 85–65 Maabout 125–100 Ma 105–100 Ma about 125–113 Ma 105–100 MaDiet Apex marine carnivore — Carnivore Herbivore Herbivore Carnivore — ateate large fish, squidlarge dinosaurs likeichthyosaurs, turtles,Triceratopsammonoids, elasmosaurusand smaller KronosaurusLength 12 m (approx) 5 m (approx) 3 m (approx) 15–16 m long (approx) 12.4 mHeight 2 m 1.5 m high at the hip 1 m (approx) 2.5 m high at at the hip 4.6–6 m(approx)(approx)Weight 15–20 tonnes 500 kg (approx) 500 kg (approx) 15–20 tonnes (approx) 5–7 tonnesDiscovered Longman 1924 first June 2006 1964 June 2005 Golden Colorado, 1874discovered by Crombie(teeth only) Wyoming, 1890s1899 (postcranial elements)Interesting Krono’s head was over Banjo had two massive The Richmond Minmi is Most complete known T.Rex’s arms were onlyfacts 2 m long–twice as large as claws – one a 15 cm hook, 95% complete. <strong>Australia</strong>n sauropod. about 1 m long, with twothe skull <strong>of</strong> T.Rex. which helped Banjo kill. This specimen has fingered hands.Four massive flippers, up Banjo held its prey in a interlocking bony scutes It had cone-shaped, serratedto 2 m long, powered it vice-like grip. and ossicles covering even teeth that were continuallythrough the water. It was light, agile and fast. the belly region. replaced.Kronosaurus breathed air.<strong>TAG</strong> March 2013| 31
Fortunately for Paul Stumkat, he is able to work withinlithographic units that exhibit exceptional fossil preservation. “Somefish specimens on display show 100% body preservation with details<strong>of</strong> gut and scales intact. This kind <strong>of</strong> preservation excites paleontologistsfrom around the world who <strong>of</strong>ten visit Kronosaurus Kornerto undertake comparative work on the museum collections. Themuseum collection policy is to curate any material that is new toscience with a view to keeping these collections on display wherevisitors can enjoy them.”Banjo, Clancy and MatildaA few hundred kilometres away, Winton is home to the <strong>Australia</strong>nAge <strong>of</strong> Dinosaurs Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History. While the dinosaurbones being excavated in western Queensland and on display atWinton are fragmented, the museum is home to the largestcollection <strong>of</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>n dinosaurs. With a highly productive fossilpreparation laboratory, the museum attracts eminent paleontologistsand provides opportunities for the general public to learn more aboutfossils and preparatory work. The Age <strong>of</strong> Dinosaurs conducts threeweek-long digs per year — great opportunities for outreach. Themuseum guides bring the dinosaurs to life by providing comparisonsto animals the public are familiar with and again informing thepublic about behaviour that they can understand.The <strong>Australia</strong>n Age <strong>of</strong> Dinosaurs Museum is home to recent findsincluding Australovenator wintonensis, Wintonotitan wattsi andDiamantinasaurus matildae, known affectionately as Banjo, Clancyand Matilda, respectively. The enthusiastic story-telling makes a visitwell worth the trip.Stampeding dinosaursAnother 100-km drive down the road is a step back in time at theLark Quarry Dinosaur Trackways. This site is the world’s only recordedevidence <strong>of</strong> a dinosaur stampede. Around 95 million years ago, alarge herd <strong>of</strong> small two-legged dinosaurs gathered on the edge <strong>of</strong>the lake to drink. The herd included carnivorous chicken-sizedcoelurosaurs and slightly larger plant-eating ornithopods — some <strong>of</strong>these were the size <strong>of</strong> an emu. A large hunting theropod stalked theherd and when it charged, the herd panicked and the stampedecreated more than 3300 fossilised footprints on the muddy flats.To stand where dinosaurs stampeded and to see the evidenceis awesome and cannot help but excite the imagination <strong>of</strong> mostpeople (including scientists).Battle <strong>of</strong> the dinosaursThe ‘Tyrant Lizard King’ undoubtedly is a great name. A name thatinstils fear. But was it so scary because <strong>of</strong> its name or Hollywood’sstory-telling and mythology? Was Australovenator, meaning‘Southern Hunter’ (and also known as Banjo), a meat-eater withrazor-sharp claws and lightning speed, possibly a more fearsomehunting dinosaur than T. rex? Could the Southern Hunter becomemore familiar through a major part in a film or possibly a legendarycartoon character? Will an <strong>Australia</strong>n dinosaur or marine reptile beimmortalised by eating T. rex for breakfast if Hollywood stretchedthe locations and time periods?Museums create access opportunities for science through play,stories, fun and engagement, while at the same time communicatingthe science. It is a challenge, but the Queensland Dinosaur Traildemonstrates it is entirely possible and entertaining. What ishappening in your backyard that could develop story-telling for thegeneral public or be the start <strong>of</strong> amazing mythology?Special thanks to Paul Stumkat, Curator, Kronosaurus Korner,Richmond, Queensland.SUE FLETCHER32 |<strong>TAG</strong> March 2013