Setup of a Drift Tube Muon Tracker and Calibration of Muon ...

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3.5.5 Pattern Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.5.6 Track Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5.7 3D info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.6 Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.6.1 Module Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.6.2 Wire Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.7 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.8 Commissioning: Muons in Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.8.1 Monte Carlo Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.8.2 Cosmic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.8.3 Fit Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.8.4 Spatial and Angular Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 The Borexino Experiment 514.1 Neutrino Detection in Borexino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.1.1 Elastic Scattering in Liquid Scintillator . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.1.2 Inverse β Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.1.3 Čerenkov Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.1.4 Background in Liquid Scintillator Detectors . . . . . . . . . . 544.2 The Borexino Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.2.1 Detector Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.2.2 Scintillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.2.3 Radio Purity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.3 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.3.1 Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.3.2 Neutrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.3.3 Cosmogenic Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.3.4 Muon Identification and Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.4 Borexino Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.4.1 7 Be Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.4.2 8 B Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644.4.3 Anti Electron Neutrinos – Geo-Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . 654.5 pep and CNO Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 CMT for Borexino 695.1 CMT at the Borexino Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.1.1 Angular Acceptance of the Modified Setup . . . . . . . . . . 745.1.2 Reconstruction with Three Hits Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.1.3 Monte Carlo Simulation of Muon Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.2 Commissioning and Early Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.2.1 A First Look at Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.2.2 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.2.3 Trigger Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.3 Common Events with Borexino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.3.1 Borexino Data Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.4 Comparison of CMT and Borexino Muon Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . 865.5 CNGS Rock Muons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.5.1 Direct Angular Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93vi
5.5.2 Momentum Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.5.3 Spatial Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.6 Future Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976 Summary and Outlook 99A Slow Control Software 101B Binary TDC Data 103C CMT Setup at Gran Sasso 105D Comparison of CNGS Tracks in Borexino and OPERA 107E Noise Patterns 109Bibliography 111vii
Page 1 and 2: Setup of a Drift Tube Muon Trackera
Page 3: AbstractIn this work the setup and
Page 8 and 9: viii
Page 10 and 11: essential for vetoing these events.
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 2NeutrinosThe standard mode
Page 15 and 16: However, it did not yet deliver an
Page 17 and 18: Table 2.1: Neutrino oscillation par
Page 19 and 20: this assumption, the Standard Solar
Page 21 and 22: Figure 2.1: Neutrino flux at Earth
Page 23 and 24: asymmetry between neutrino and anti
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2.3: Expected ¯ν e energy
Page 27: Nb neutrino/fission-11010-2Neutrino
Page 30 and 31: 108−dE/dx (MeV g −1 cm 2 )65432
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3.3: Setup of the muon track
Page 34 and 35: zyxModule b.0Module a.0Module b.1Mo
Page 36 and 37: Figure 3.6: Display of the slow con
Page 38 and 39: plastic scintillators. To avoid all
Page 40 and 41: N hitsHitmap Plane 06000h_hitmap0En
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.4: Data structure for calib
Page 44 and 45: TDC SpectrumN/[2 Channels]1000800H_
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.5: List of variables calcul
Page 48 and 49: with ∆⃗q = ⃗q n − ⃗q n−
Page 50 and 51: N [a.u.]∆ α (x)2200020000da0Entr
Page 52 and 53: d[mm]Reco Drift Distances201816H_RE
Page 54 and 55: N [a.u.]Real DataReal data0.06MCh1E
Page 56 and 57:
χ 2N [a.u.]Probability103×10hc2p0
Page 58 and 59:
N [a.u]Residuals20001800h0Entries 3
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Counts/(10 keV × day × 100 tons)1
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4.1.3 Čerenkov LightČerenkov dete
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4.2 The Borexino DetectorThe Borexi
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muons, is reduced by going deep und
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(typically below 50 cm), the locati
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510Counts/(10 keV x day x 100 tons)
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counts/days*4 hitsDay (Red) and Nig
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eeSurvival probability for ν e, P0
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the CMT to the Borexino tracking, t
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P C P DSCINT C SCINT DySCINT BSCINT
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Figure 5.2: The CMT setup on top of
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Angular AcceptanceAngular Acceptanc
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Comparison nhits=3 vs nhits=4N [a.u
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Table 5.3: Overview of all muon run
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N/dayAll Triggers vs Time12000h_tim
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Reco Hits in Scintillatory [mm]1000
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PMTPMTScintillatorPMTPMTFigure 5.16
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the CMT data file and the Borexino
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Zenith Angle CMT and BX-GL Tracks h
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Lateral x Resolution CMT - IDhlatx_
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Distance d between CMT and BX-GL Tr
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Angular difference αN [arbitrary u
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[m]z bxTrack Position in BX x=0 Pla
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N [arbitrary units]∆y all data200
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To determine the Borexino tracking
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Table A.1: Variables that can be se
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espectively. The channel numbers ar
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xyϕϕ ′βx ′µFigure C.2: Rela
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the z-coordinate z op,0 of the firs
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xyEvent: 470, Entry: 470, Time Tue
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[14] Ch. Kraus et al. Final Results
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[49] T. Araki et al. Experimental i
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116
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Jan Lenkeit und Björn Wonsak sowie
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Setup of a Drift Tube Muon Tracker and Calibration of Muon ...

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