No. 1031 - Miljøstyrelsen

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60 The siloxane content in cleaning agents is for most products less than 1% of the product which is further diluted in use. For polish products the siloxane content can be up to 5%, perhaps 10 % in some products. The use of siloxanes and alternatives to siloxanes in cleaning agents and polishes has been investigated through contact with manufacturers and suppliers. The 6 main suppliers of siloxanes and chemicals to the cleaning agent trade and 10 of the Danish main manufacturers of cleaning agents and polishes have been contacted. It has however been difficult to identify alternatives to siloxanes, because substitution of siloxanes has not had special focus in the cleaning agent trade. Some alternatives have been used for several years, but have not been developed in the aim of substituting siloxanes, and it is a question to what extent they actually have similar properties. Substances that are insoluble in water and with long carbon chains are in general suitable as alternatives to siloxanes in cleaning and maintenance agents. The longer carbon chains the substance have the more effective defoaming effect is obtained. It is the general impression that there are fewer different types of alternatives to silicones in cleaning and maintenance products than in cosmetic products. If a search is made on the Internet for 'silicone-free' antifoaming agents, wax or polishes several products can be found, indicating that the use of alternatives is quite widespread. The reason for using the 'silicone-free' products is, however, most often technical. The alternatives have been developed both due to the general interest in environment-friendly products in the trade for cleaning and maintenance agents, but also because the use of siloxanes can be problematic in some products. Silicones are for example often avoided in car waxes and other polish products for cars, because the use of silicones is disadvantageous if the car should later be re-painted. Table 5.2 shows the types of alternatives to siloxanes in cleaning and maintenance agents identified through contact to Danish suppliers and manufacturers.
Table 5.2 Identified alternatives to siloxanes from Danish producers and suppliers Name of alternative Mineral oils (tensides), nonionic Paraffin oils and vegetable oils Lipophilic tensides Block polymers consisting of polyethylenglycol and polypropylenglycol Alternative to Used in Market situation Price Polydimethylsiloxanes Polydimethylsiloxanes Amino functionaldimethylsiloxanes Polydimethylsiloxanes 5.2.1 Mineral oils (tensides) Antifoam agents in cleaning products, washing powder, polishes Antifoam agents in cleaning products Is used in Danish products Is used in Danish products Polishes - - Antifoaming agents in cleaning products and polishes Is used in Danish products Approximately same price level for mineral oils used in antifoam agents as dimethylsiloxane. The used siloxanes cost app. 30- 200 DKK per kg <strong>No</strong>rmally cheaper than dimethylsiloxanes <strong>No</strong>rmally a bit more expensive than dimethylsiloxanes Many of the suppliers and manufacturers of maintenance products point at nonionic mineral oils or tensides as the main alternative to polydimethylsiloxanes in antifoaming agents. The mineral oils can be used in both polish products and antifoaming agents. Odourless kerosene is mentioned as a possible alternative to antifoaming. The mineral oils typically do not have all the properties of polydimethylsiloxan. It can especially be difficult to obtain the same smooth surface for polishes. As antifoaming agents, the mineral oils are not always suitable for cleaning agents used in cold water, for example in floor cleaning machines. The price level of the mineral oils is approximately the same as that of siloxanes, and in some cases they are cheaper, but as the siloxanes or alternatives only constitute few per cent of the product or even less than one per cent, the costs for using an alternative instead of a siloxane is regarded to be minimal. 5.2.2 Paraffin oils and vegetable oils Paraffin oils and vegetable oils may like mineral oils be used as alternatives to polydimethylsiloxanes. Paraffin oils and vegetable oils are not very frequently used as alternatives to siloxanes in cleaning agents and polish products, but these types of oils can be used, as they have the defoaming properties. The price of the paraffin oils and vegetable oil is in general lower than that of siloxanes. 61
Page 1 and 2:
Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity a
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents PREFACE 5 SUMMARY
Page 5:
Preface Siloxanes, the building blo
Page 8 and 9:
8 products, clothes, health-care pr
Page 10 and 11: 10 A possible estrogenic effect con
Page 13 and 14: Sammenfatning og konklusioner Denne
Page 15 and 16: Udledninger til miljøet Den væsen
Page 17 and 18: Prisen på alternativerne varierer
Page 19 and 20: 1 Introduction 1.1 What are siloxan
Page 21 and 22: Cyclic siloxanes with other functio
Page 23 and 24: Curing of one-component RTV silicon
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.2 Consumption of silicones
Page 27 and 28: tion and export of siloxanes regist
Page 29 and 30: CAS No. Name Import average tonnes
Page 31 and 32: • Defoamers, flow control agents
Page 33 and 34: Besides their technical properties,
Page 35 and 36: paint, coatings and waxes in total
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.5 Siloxanes in imported, ex
Page 39 and 40: Fate of the siloxanes The siloxanes
Page 41 and 42: • Mouldmaking (reproduction of co
Page 43 and 44: The main source of releases of silo
Page 45 and 46: • Immunotoxicity studies. Human c
Page 47 and 48: LD 50 following dermal application
Page 49 and 50: cinogenic hazard associated with D5
Page 51 and 52: following repeated exposures, the l
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.1 PBT profiler results for
Page 55 and 56: 5 Alternatives The use of some type
Page 57 and 58: Name of alternative Neopentylglycol
Page 59: 5.1.7 Summary and general experienc
Page 63 and 64: References Allan, R.B., Kochs, P. &
Page 65 and 66: EPA DCN 86970000024. 1996. Pharmaco
Page 67 and 68: EPA, August 2003. Siloxane D5 in Dr
Page 69 and 70: 69 Annex 1 Siloxanes listed in the
Page 71 and 72: 71 INCI name CAS No EINECS/ ELINCS
Page 79 and 80: Declared name CAS No. ACRYLATES / D
Page 81 and 82: Annex 3 Siloxanes in the Danish Pro
Page 83 and 84: Tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 89 and 90: tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 91 and 92: Annex 5 Siloxanes in cleaning and m
Page 93 and 94: tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 95 and 96: Annex 7 Database screening for deca
Page 97 and 98: Inhalation No relevant data found O
Page 99 and 100: PhysProp 2003. PHYSPROP DEMO-databa
Page 101 and 102: 10 CAS no Synonym Test Exposure rou
Page 103 and 104: 103 CAS no Synonym Test Exposure ro
Page 111:
111 CAS no Synonym 556-67-2, 541-02
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No. 1031 - Miljøstyrelsen

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