Introduction

Step 2 – Adjust the estimate to reflect the sizeof the remaining digits.93+28+53 is approximately 175.Think 700+175=875.– rounding. A process of replacing a numberby an approximate value of that number.For example, 106 rounded to the nearest tenis 110.evaluation. A judgement made at a specific,planned time about the level of a student’sachievement, on the basis of assessment data.Evaluation involves assigning a level, grade,or mark.expectations. The knowledge and skills thatstudents are expected to learn and to demonstrateby the end of every grade or course, as outlined inthe Ontario curriculum documents for the varioussubject areas.extension. A learning activity that is related toa previous one. An extension can involve a taskthat reinforces, builds upon, or requires applicationof newly learned material.family math night. An event designed to bringparents and children together for the purpose ofengaging in mathematics activities and to helpparents learn more about the Ontario mathematicscurriculum.figure. See three-dimensional figure.five frame. A 1 by 5 array onto which countersor dots are placed, to help students relate a givennumber to 5 (e.g., 7 is 2 more than 5) and recognizethe importance of 5 as an anchor in ournumber system. See also ten frame.flat. In base ten blocks, the representation for 100.flow chart. A graphic organizer in which linesand/or arrows show the relationships among ideasthat can be represented by words, diagrams,pictures, or symbols.♥ ♥♥ ♥♥ ♥♥ ♥array3 x 4♥ ♥♥ ♥equal groupsMultiplicationfactor3 x 4=12repeated additionproductfluency. Proficiency in performing mathematicalprocedures quickly and accurately. Althoughcomputational fluency is a goal, students shouldbe able to explain how they are performingcomputations, and why answers make sense.See also automaticity.fractional sense. An understanding that wholenumbers can be divided into equal parts that arerepresented by a denominator (which tells howmany parts the number is divided into) and anumerator (which indicates the number of thoseequal parts being considered). Fractional senseincludes an understanding of relationships betweenfractions, and between fractions and whole numbers(e.g., knowing that 1 /3 is bigger than 1 /4 andthat 2 /3 is closer to 1 than 2 /4 is).front-end estimation. See under estimationstrategies.front-end loading. See front-end estimationunder estimation strategies.4+4+4fast way to addGlossary 93