Introduction

Toronto Catholic District School Board. (2001). Assessment of student achievement inCatholic schools resource document. Toronto: Author.Toronto District School Board. (2002). Kindergarten documents. Toronto: Author.Trafton, P.R., & Thiessen, D. (1999). Learning through problems. Portsmouth, NH:Heinemann.Van de Walle, J.A. (2001). Elementary and middle school mathematics: Teaching developmentally(4th ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.Van de Walle, J.A. (2004). Elementary and middle school mathematics: Teaching developmentally.(5th ed.). New York: Pearson Education.Vygotsky, L. (1980). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Waterloo County Board of Education. (1992). Addition and subtraction of wholenumbers: The formative years. Waterloo, ON: Author.Waterloo County Board of Education. (1993). Multiplication and division of wholenumbers. Waterloo, ON: Author.Weeks, Ronald C. (1997). The child’s world of science and technology: A book for teachers.Teaching and learning science and technology in the elementary school. Scarborough, ON:Prentice-Hall Allyn and Bacon Canada.Whitin, P., & Whitin, D.J. (2000). Math is language too. Urbana, IL: National Councilof Teachers of English.Wright, R.J., Martland, J., Stafford, A.K., & Stanger, G. (2002). Teaching number:Advancing children’s skills and strategies. London: Paul Chapman.108 A Guide to Effective Instruction in Mathematics, Kindergarten to Grade 6 – Volume One