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© UNHCR/R. LeMoyne ANNUAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION’S EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE The table below offers a snapshot of EuropeAid programmes in the region: WESTERN BALKANS COMMITMENTS PAYMENTS Available Consumed % Available Consumed % € '000 € '000 € '000 € '000 Ex-Yugoslavia 313.542 313.140 99% 348.129 348.127 100% Western Balkans – ATA * 6.090 5.490 90% 245 0 0% Western Balkans 62.330 62.300 100% 100.005 100.005 100% Kosovo 410.000 410.000 100% 205.832 205.756 100% Transitional civil administrations 9.958 9.958 100% 9.000 8.760 97% Ex-Yugoslavia – ATA * 5.840 5.840 100% 927 58 6% Total 807.760 806.728 100% 664.138 662.707 100% * Technical, administrative (ATA) and support expenditure covers necessary costs for the assistance to implementation of the Tacis and Cards programmes; for analysis, pre-feasibility and feasibility studies related to the programming of the main budget lines; and for information collection and dissemination and public awareness. The Balkans Stabilisation and Association Agreements enable West Balkan countries to progress along the "road to Europe". 47
The Balkans 48 The strengthening of public institutions will help restore regional stability. © European Commission ANNUAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION’S EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE 1. Albania Albania suffers from weak public institutions, which has contributed to serious instability in the past and which, if not sufficiently strengthened, pose a serious threat to its prospects of developing a closer relationship with the EU in the future. We are working with Albania to tackle these problems. A large proportion of EC aid is being spent on administrative reform and on helping the national authorities establish the rule of law. POLICE TRAINING The Multinational Advisory Police Element (MAPE) provides advice and training to the Albanian police. In 2000, the EU provided new uniforms, police vehicles, spare parts and protection devices. It also renovated several police training centres (like those in Tirana and Durres), and equipped them to host intensive training sessions lasting eight to nine weeks. So far, MAPE has trained some 7,000 police officers drawn from all ranks, including 60 senior managers. The next step is to equip the police with modern information technology. The EU is also helping the Albanian authorities to draw up professional police regulations and new laws on the policing of economic crime. From September 2001, an EC Police Assistance Mission to Albania replaces MAPE up to June 2002. JUDICIAL REFORM IN ALBANIA Albania’s serious civil unrest in 1997 clearly demonstrated the need to reinforce the capacity of the national police force. The EU played a crucial role here, working together with the Council of Europe in helping with the training of judges and prosecutors (new school for magistrates) and setting up the State Publications Centre (new Official Journal). The death penalty was abolished and an ombudsman (People’s Advocate) office created in order to strengthen the quality of the legislative process. It will also train more legal professionals and ensure that Albania’s judicial institutions function correctly. €10 million was devoted to this in 2000, including logistical support for building up government administration, the national judicial system and police force, and to help put in place a functioning customs administration capable of collecting the revenue needed to fund the state. €2.5 million was spent on Tempus inter-university co-operation projects, and €2.2 million was used to support the Stabilisation and Association process. In all, €34.4 million was allocated to Albania in 2000, of which €1.5 million was spent. In addition, in 2000 the country received humanitarian aid amounting to €3.4 million, concentrated on the rehabilitation of health and education facilities, as well as installing and improving water and sanitation networks in deprived areas. Agriculture Land distribution and market liberalisation are two areas where, over the past few years, considerable progress has been made in reforming the agricultural sector. However, major challenges remain: new legislation must be enforced, and the right market and service infrastructures still need to be developed to meet new farming needs. The EU is providing technical assistance to facilitate this, and advising the Ministry of Agriculture on modern agricultural policy and techniques. 2. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) The return of refugees and displaced people to their homes remains a key priority for EU aid to this country, which received a total of €103 million in aid during 2000. Special efforts were made to return people to the Republika Srpska in eastern BiH, and also to encourage cross-border returns from Croatia. Helping refugees and internally displaced persons to return involves more than repairing houses and homes, however. It means helping to ensure that returnees also have jobs, schools for their children, healthcare, social security and other services. In this type of integrated return project the EU relies heavily on the involvement of NGOs. To date (1996-2000), the EC has rebuilt over 21 150 houses all over the country as part of its major effort to help people return to their homes. Economic regeneration BiH’s post-war boom was largely due to donor reconstruction. However, over the last two years GDP growth rates have fallen to below 10%, from a very low base; the situation has been compounded by negative trade balances, as imports continue to outstrip exports. Only Albania has a lower level of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). EC assistance over the next five years will help BiH to make the transition to a market economy, and lay down the foundations for sustainable development, in order to prepare BiH’s future integration in the EU. Through the Quick Impact Facility project system, the EC provided €5.5 million for grants and technical assistance to
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