*py winnow > Dan (bl) pia, Dan (gw) p, Dan (kl) péȅ, Tura # pèvt winnow; sort, Mano VV py, Guro GR, BN f vt winnow; blow (withmouth), Gban # f, ST fa vt winnow3.1.2. The third series is represented by two sets (see below), whereYaure, Mwan, and Wan forms are not attested. Its main characteristic featureis a voiced consonant in Gban and Beng. The sample is too narrow toprovide any clue for «internal» interpretation of this Gban and Beng feature;an «external» explanation could be the presence of a nominal classificatoryprefix *Ǹ- (for argumentation in favour of the reconstruction of thisprefix in Proto-Western <strong>Mande</strong> see [Pozdniakov & Vydrin 1987-1988;Vydrine 1989; Vydrine 1994]; in more detail, [Vydrine 2001]), whichcould, at the same time, explain occasional nasalization in some languages.Series 3:S<strong>Mande</strong> Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gban Mwan Wan Beng*Ǹ-p p p p f ? ? b b, p*Ǹ-pōl frog-1 > Dan (gw) pō, (bl) pōō n toad, Tura # púò, Guro #, BNfól toad, Gban ST , Mwan pōl toad*Ǹ-pyé trace-1 > Dan (bl) p, Dan (gw) p rn footprint; trace, Tura #p, Mano VV pè-pyé trace; sign, Gban ST , Beng GL, PA b n tracks,footprints; scab, wound (in Beng probably a convergence of two proto-stems, *Ǹpyé'a trace' and *ɓlē 'a wound')Taking into account the sporadic character of the reflexes of the nasalprefix in modern languages, a similar interpretation can be proposed foranother set:*Ǹ-pùlù stomach, belly-5 > Dan (gw, kl) bȕ, Dan (bl) blû rn navel, Tura# bùlù rn navel, Guro # b rn belly; womb, Gban ST n navel, Wan # blūrn stomach, Beng PA plù n paunch3.1.3. There is only one set where Guro p- probably corresponds to p-in languages outside the Guro-Yaure subgroup. It is hardly enough toestablish a separate series and may be just a shared coincidence, in whichcase the Guro form should be considered etymologically different fromthose in the other languages:*paa bowl-2 > Dan (bl) paa n wooden or clay bowl, [Guro #, BN, GRpala n wooden basin] Mwan # paa n calabash
3.1.4. Series 4 and 5 differ only by the reflex in Beng, f- vs. p-. As thereis only one set in my data for series 5, it would be precarious to venturehypotheses explaining the unusual p- in Beng: it could be coincidence or aborrowing from an unrelated language, a trace of a prefix morpheme...Until further examples are found, I have to reconstruct *f- for both series.Series 4:S<strong>Mande</strong> Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gban Mwan Wan Beng*f f f f f f f f f f*f ant-1 > Guro #, GR, ST f, Gban # f n black ant*fla better > Tura # fla, Beng PA fa*fl boil-3 > Dan (gw) fl, Guro #, BN fl, Beng # fl*fn breathe > Guro # BN, GR fn, Wan fl*faga cap-2 > Dan (gw) faa n headdress, Tura # faa, Mwan PM faa,Wan # faga*sòó-fal donkey (may be a loanword from Manding) > Dan (bl) sòòfa,Tura # s-fa, Guro # s-fal n horse, Mwan # sòó-fal, Wan VV sòfal*flèŋ empty-2 > Dan (gw) f, Dan (bl) fl, Dan (bh) fűű, Dan (yi)f, Tura # f, Tura (w) fè, Mano VV fēlē, Mwan PM flé*faga force-1 > Dan (bl) faa, Dan (gw) faa, Mwan AY faga, Wan #faga, Beng # faŋa*fúa force-3 > Guro # fūa n richness; glory, Mwan # fúú n force,Wan #fú*fūō(-fūō) light (not heavy) > Dan (bl) ff, ff, Dan (gw) ff,Dan (kl) ff-d, Dan (bh) f, Dan (yi) ffɔ (tone?) adj light (not heavy);weak, Dan (gw) f, f adv easily, without effort, Tura # főfȍ, ff adjweak, Mano VV fúafùa, Guro ST fūōfūō, Beng # fófó*fúyè powder-1 , Guro #, ST fúè, fúyè n talc, Beng PA fúè n powder*fūé sweat > Dan (bl) f-y, Dan (gw) f-y, Dan (kl) fȕ-y, Gban STfóa vi be hot, Mwan # fúú*f sponge (zool.) > Dan (bl) fù, Dan (gw) f, Dan (kl) fû, Guro GRfùú*fúa white metal > Dan (bl) f, Dan (gw) f, Dan (kl) f, Mwan #fúaŋ.
- Page 2: necessary some serious corrections
- Page 7 and 8: 2. Phonological systems of the Sout
- Page 9 and 10: c) The phonological status of palat
- Page 11 and 12: 2.5. Yaure [Lautenschlager 1992].Co
- Page 13 and 14: Note: The phonological status of ll
- Page 15 and 16: question is: should we postulate tw
- Page 17: Series 2:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro
- Page 21 and 22: 3.2. Voiced and implosive labials3.
- Page 23 and 24: esemble (smb. - m); help (smb. - v)
- Page 25 and 26: *magólóŋ mango > Dan (bl) malo,
- Page 27 and 28: *bùò wake up-2 > Dan (bl) b vi, M
- Page 29 and 30: ? *ɓl respect-2 > Dan (bl) ɓl, Da
- Page 31 and 32: Type I: *m. This series rises no qu
- Page 33 and 34: 2) for the same stem, the Mano form
- Page 35 and 36: *t red-1 > Dan (bh, yi) t, Dan (kl)
- Page 37 and 38: ? *tó chest-2 > Dan (gw, kl) # tȍ
- Page 39: VIII. Tagung der Vereinigung der Se
- Page 43 and 44: *ɗó leave (go away)-1 > Dan (bl,
- Page 45 and 46: *ɗŋ place-3 > Dan (bl) ɗ, Dan (g
- Page 47 and 48: uncle's wife, Mano ZE lèē, Mwan #
- Page 49 and 50: *s oilpalm grain-2 > Dan (bl) s n o
- Page 51 and 52: Series 20:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro
- Page 53 and 54: *zèē here-2 > Dan (bl) z, Dan (gw
- Page 55 and 56: Series 24:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro
- Page 57 and 58: *ka house-1 > Dan (bl, gw, kl) k, T
- Page 59 and 60: In the 'skin' set, the Kla-Dan form
- Page 61 and 62: *gŋ hill-2 > Dan (bl) gōō, Tura
- Page 63 and 64: (For further examples cf. series 29
- Page 65 and 66: ? *ƙùl round-2 > Dan (bn) gl, Dan
- Page 67 and 68: *gb baboon (Papio cynocephalus) > D
- Page 69 and 70:
SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gba
- Page 71 and 72:
of the types *kUlE, *kUlA, *kUE, *k
- Page 73 and 74:
*y breast-3 > Dan (bl, gw, kl) y, T
- Page 75 and 76:
SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gba
- Page 77 and 78:
process may be reconstructed: *yl >
- Page 79 and 80:
*wūō cry-1 > Guro ST wū, Guro BN
- Page 81 and 82:
*wōlō pick up > Dan (bl) lōō vt
- Page 83 and 84:
4. The reconstructed proto-SM syste
- Page 85 and 86:
Abbreviationsadj - adjectiveadv - a
- Page 87 and 88:
Flik 1977Flik, Eva. Tone glides and
- Page 89 and 90:
Prost 1950/1968Prost 1953Prost Ms.R
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