South Mande Reconstruction: Initial consonants1 - Langues mandé ...

uncle's wife, Mano ZE lèē, Mwan # n rn mother; elder female relative, Wan# na rn, Beng GL, PA da.In another case I see no reasonable explanation for the irregular d-. Itis probable that the form with d- does not belong to this set:*ɗólú fog-2 > Dan (gw) ɗűű, Dan (kl) ɗűlű, Dan (bl) ɗúú n fog (at therainy season), Tura # ɗőó n rainy clouds, Mano ZE lúélúé (?) n clouds, Guro# lólú ~ lōlū n cloud; fog, Yaure HO lőlű, Gban ST l, {Beng # dn}3.3.13. There is one set where all the languages of the Western branchof SM produce forms with initial ɗ- ~ l-, while in the other languages t-appears. We are probably dealing with two different roots:*ɗùl dirt-1 > Dan (bl) ɗiaia, ɗûû, Dan (bh, bn, gw) ɗ, Dan (kl) llù,Tura # ɗ, Mano ZE ll*tlŋ dirt-2 > Guro # tl n dirt; adj dirty, Yaure HP tr adj dirty, Mwan# trŋ, Wan # AT tr n dirt; traditional medicament.3.3.14. Proto-SM *s- has not undergone any change in the modern languages.Series 19:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gban Mwan Wan Beng*s s s s s s s s s s*s(-la) arrive-1 > Tura # s n force, Guro BN s vi come from, leave,Yaure HB s-a vi come, Wan # s, s vi approach (sth., smb. – d); vt approach(to – d), Beng # sé n power, force; richness (cf. 'take-2')*s beautiful > Dan (bl) s-b, Dan (gw) # s-gb, Tura # s adjgood; beautiful, Guro # s, sw adj beautiful, Yaure HP sué*saa bow (weapon)-2 > Dan (bl) s n bow, arrow, Dan (gw) saa n bow,saa-ga n arrow, Dan (kl) súa n bow, Tura # saa n bow, saa-w n arrow,Mano VV saa n arrow, Guro BN saa n bow, saa-wl n arrow, Yaure HOsa, s n arrow, Mwan # sa-ɓ n arrow*s call-2 > Mwan # s, Beng # s*ss-n cat-3 > Guro # sn, Mwan # sn, Wan # ssn*sg chew-2 > Guro # s, Wan # sùgù, Beng # só*s cloth > Dan (bl, gw, kl) s n cloth; skirt; clothers; (bl) shell membraneof an egg, Mano NE, ZE s, Guro #, BN, GR s n cloth; skirt; clothes, Yaure