sonants, because it depends on the nasality/orality of the foot, which liesoutside the scope of this paper. As it was already mentioned, among thelanguages of the SM group, n- and l- are opposed only in Beng, and evenin this language that opposition is recent.A real problem which I am not yet ready to handle constitutes thestatus of the oppositions l- : ll- in Kla-Dan and in Wan, as well as the distributionof l- and ɗ- in Kla-Dan. It is hardly possible to produce any statementabout their history before a thorough synchronic description isdone. In other Dan variants (Blo, Gweetaa), l- and ɗ- are distinct phonemes,but it is ɗ- that reflects the proto-phoneme *ɗ-, while l- is an innovationresulting from monosyllabification of former disyllabic feet, cf. 3.5.4.,3.5.9. In other languages l- and ɗ- are in free variation (Tura, Guro, Mwan,Wan), or only l- is attested (Mano, Yaure, Gban, Beng).Series 16:S<strong>Mande</strong> Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gban Mwan Wan Beng*ɗ ɗ ɗ ~ l l ɗ ~ l ɗ ~ l l ɗ ~ l ɗ ~ l l*ɗò advice > Dan (gw) ɗȍ, Dan (bl) ɗiaô, Dan (kl) lùwèè (?), Tura #ɗȅ, Mano VV lùò-w, Mwan la vi give advice, Wan # la vi give advice*ɗ buy-2 > Dan (bl, gw) ɗ, Dan (kl) l vt buy sth. (from – g), Tura #ɗ, Mano NE, ZE l, Guro #, GR, BN l, Yaure HP l vt buy (from – l),Mwan # l/l, Wan # lū, Beng GL, PA lú vt buy (for – n)*ɗ call-3 > Dan (gw) ɗ, Dan (kl) ɗ, Dan (bl) ɗ vt call; call, name,Tura # ɗèè vt call; call, name, Guro # laa, Yaure HP laa-ɓò vt call, name*ɗ desire-2 > Dan (bl) ɗ, Dan (gw) ɗ rn love for; desire for, Tura #-ɗ n love for, Guro # ll n hunger, Mwan lr desire, Wan # lū rn desire for;intention*ɗé front > Dan (gw) ɗ pp before, in front of, Tura # ɗ-l, ɗ-l adjfirst; pp before, Guro GR l n front; pp in front of, before, Mwan l pp in frontof*ɗ hare-2 > Tura # ɗ--n, ɗȕ--n, Mwan # lóó-n, CF lōō-n,Wan # lò*ɗŋ leaf-3 > Dan (gw) ɗ, Dan (kl) ɗ, Dan (bl) ɗ rn, Tura # ɗkw,Mano ZE l, Guro #, BN laa, Yaure HP la n leaf; hand (in relation toarm, p); peace (of cloth), Gban ST la n leaf; plate, Mwan # laa, Wan # la,Beng # lana
*ɗó leave (go away)-1 > Dan (bl, gw) ɗó, Dan (kl) ló vi go; leave; (kl)auxiliary for future tense, Dan (bl) ɗ auxiliary for future tense, Tura # ɗő vigo; leave; bring away (sth./smb. – n ... g); continue (to – --gerund); vt makeleave; n going, Mano NE, ZE ló, Wan # ló vt take away*ɗɔm (?) lemon (a loanword from European languages?) > Dan (gw) ɗ~ ɗ, Dan (kl) ll (ll?) n lemon, mandarin, Guro # lôwô n lemon,mandarin, orange, Mwan # lòmlŋ n orange, Beng # lòmlê n orange*lé lip-1 > Gban # l, l, Mwan # l rn lip; edge*ɗ (< Manding *ɗg ?) market-1 > Dan (bl) ɗ, Dan (gw) ɗ,Tura # ɗőő n market; date, Mano NE, ZE l n market; week, Beng GL, PAl*ɗa (postposition) at > Mano ZE la pp on, at, in, Mwan # la/la pp in, at;under*ɗa rain-2 > Dan (bl, gw) ɗa, Dan (kl) la, Tura # ɗa n rain; storm,tempest, Guro #, GR la n sky, Mwan # la, Beng GL, PA la*ɗɗ round-1 > Dan (bl) ɗɗ, ɗɗ, Dan (gw, gp, sa) ɗɗ,Dan (gn, sl, pl) ɗɗ, Dan (gb) ɗɗ, Dan (te) ɗɗ, Guro #, GRll vt make circular; turn around*ɗ sky-4 > Tura # ɗ- n air, atmosphere, Mano ZE l, l n sky; top,upper part, l-y, l-y n rain, Guro #, GR l n rain; year; age, Yaure HP l nyear, Mwan # l n year*ɗa speak-2 Dan (gw) ɗa, Dan (kl) ɗa n speech, discourse, Tura #ɗa n discourse, Mwan # ja n speech*ɗùùlé thorn-3 > Tura # ɗȕȕl n thorn; acne, furuncle, Guro ST lèl,Gban ST l n thorn; fishbone*ɗ woman-3 > Dan (bl) ɗē-ɓ, pl. ɗōōnû, Dan (gw) ɗē-ɓ, pl. ɗē-ɓnȕ,ɗōōnȕ, Dan (yi) ɗē-ɓɔ, pl. ɗō, ɗō-nȕ, ɗē-ɓɔ-nȕ, Dan (bln) ɗē-b, pl.ɗē-ɓōȕ, ɗōō-nȕ, Dan (kl) ɗè, pl. ɗè-ɓ-nû n woman; wife, Tura # ɗé nwoman; wife; son's wife (for a man), Mano NE, ZE lēē, pl. lōa, VV lūa-v,Guro # l, pl. l-nù, lō-mù, lō-, Yaure HP l-m, Gban ST lè, pl. nù,Mwan # lē, Wan lē, Beng PA lē n woman; femaleSeries 17:S<strong>Mande</strong> Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gban Mwan Wan Beng*/ɗ/ [n] [n] [n] [n] [n] [n] [n] [n] [n] n*n come-3 > Dan (bl, gw) nū, Dan (kl) nù vi come; bring (sth. – k),send (smb. – k), Tura # nú vi come; bring (sth. – n...g), Mano # nū/nú vi
- Page 2: necessary some serious corrections
- Page 7 and 8: 2. Phonological systems of the Sout
- Page 9 and 10: c) The phonological status of palat
- Page 11 and 12: 2.5. Yaure [Lautenschlager 1992].Co
- Page 13 and 14: Note: The phonological status of ll
- Page 15 and 16: question is: should we postulate tw
- Page 17 and 18: Series 2:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro
- Page 19 and 20: 3.1.4. Series 4 and 5 differ only b
- Page 21 and 22: 3.2. Voiced and implosive labials3.
- Page 23 and 24: esemble (smb. - m); help (smb. - v)
- Page 25 and 26: *magólóŋ mango > Dan (bl) malo,
- Page 27 and 28: *bùò wake up-2 > Dan (bl) b vi, M
- Page 29 and 30: ? *ɓl respect-2 > Dan (bl) ɓl, Da
- Page 31 and 32: Type I: *m. This series rises no qu
- Page 33 and 34: 2) for the same stem, the Mano form
- Page 35 and 36: *t red-1 > Dan (bh, yi) t, Dan (kl)
- Page 37 and 38: ? *tó chest-2 > Dan (gw, kl) # tȍ
- Page 39: VIII. Tagung der Vereinigung der Se
- Page 45 and 46: *ɗŋ place-3 > Dan (bl) ɗ, Dan (g
- Page 47 and 48: uncle's wife, Mano ZE lèē, Mwan #
- Page 49 and 50: *s oilpalm grain-2 > Dan (bl) s n o
- Page 51 and 52: Series 20:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro
- Page 53 and 54: *zèē here-2 > Dan (bl) z, Dan (gw
- Page 55 and 56: Series 24:SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro
- Page 57 and 58: *ka house-1 > Dan (bl, gw, kl) k, T
- Page 59 and 60: In the 'skin' set, the Kla-Dan form
- Page 61 and 62: *gŋ hill-2 > Dan (bl) gōō, Tura
- Page 63 and 64: (For further examples cf. series 29
- Page 65 and 66: ? *ƙùl round-2 > Dan (bn) gl, Dan
- Page 67 and 68: *gb baboon (Papio cynocephalus) > D
- Page 69 and 70: SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gba
- Page 71 and 72: of the types *kUlE, *kUlA, *kUE, *k
- Page 73 and 74: *y breast-3 > Dan (bl, gw, kl) y, T
- Page 75 and 76: SMande Dan Tura Mano Guro Yaure Gba
- Page 77 and 78: process may be reconstructed: *yl >
- Page 79 and 80: *wūō cry-1 > Guro ST wū, Guro BN
- Page 81 and 82: *wōlō pick up > Dan (bl) lōō vt
- Page 83 and 84: 4. The reconstructed proto-SM syste
- Page 85 and 86: Abbreviationsadj - adjectiveadv - a
- Page 87 and 88: Flik 1977Flik, Eva. Tone glides and
- Page 89 and 90: Prost 1950/1968Prost 1953Prost Ms.R
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