South Mande Reconstruction: Initial consonants1 - Langues mandé ...

*t red-1 > Dan (bh, yi) t, Dan (kl) ta, pl. t-nȕ, adj red, Dan (gw)t adj (rare, obsc.) bright red, Tura # t, Guro t adj (pej.) red, Gban ST, VVt adj reddish, Mwan # t, Wan # t, Beng GL, PA t*tana red-2 > Dan (gw), ta vi redden, Dan (kl) tna vi ripen, Tura # taa viredden; ripen, Mano ZE taa, taa adj ? ripe, Guro # tana adj ripe and red; viripen (of fruits which become red, yellow, orange...); redden; vt paint in red, makered, Gban ST ta vi ripen, Mwan # tla ripen, Wan # tl adj ripe; vi ripen,Beng # tla vi ripen, vt make red*t remain-1 > Dan (bl, gw) tó vi remain; vt leave, abandon, Tura # tő viremain; continue; be (sth. – g); become (sth. – g); vt leave, let remain; make,transform (into – g), Mano ZE tō, Yaure HB t, impf. t vt leave, Gban STtő vt leave; forget, Mwan PM tó vt leave; let, Beng # túa vi leave; vt abandon,leave; divorce; make, compell*tl spoon-3 > Tura # tl, Mwan # t*talŋ stranger-2 > Tura # t, tȕ, Wan # tal n stranger, foreigner; adjforeign, Beng # tén*tV then > Mano ZE tó, tō, tōó conj then (in this case), Guro #, BN té,Yaure HB tè conj as, as far as; when; if*t time-4 > Dan (gw) t, Dan (kl) t, Dan (bl) t n time; (kl)weather, Tura # té g at the moment (of), Guro # t n time; day, Yaure HP tù*tl tomorrow > Tura # tl, Mano NE, ZE, VV tòò, Guro # tl, YaureHP tr, Mwan # tōō (?), Wan # tól*ta weave (to) > Guro # ta, Imp., Perf. ta vt plait, tress, Gban ta (?) vtproduce, make, or, Gban ST t vt weave, Mwan # ta, Wan # ta, Beng PA tṹavt weave; plait*ta yet > Dan (gw) t, Tura # tṹa part still, Guro BN taa part (not) yet.There is one set in which irregular forms (ɗ- in Tura, d- in Yaure) canbe most probably explained by the grammatical function of the words(postpositions; cf. an irregular voiced consonant in the reflex of thepostposition *ba in Yaure, section 3.2.3.2.):*ta surface > Dan (bl) ta, Dan (gw) ta, Dan (kl) ta pp on, upon; rnsurface, Tura # ta, ɗa rn surface; hundred (?); pp on, upon, Guro #, BN ta ppon, Yaure HO da pp on, Mwan # ta pp on; in, Wan # ta pp on, upon; rnsurface.3.3.2. In monosyllabic oral feet *t- > c- in Guro before -ɛ.