Nigel Holt and Rob Lewis - Crown House Publishing.

DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING INVESTIGATIONS | 41irrele-vant sound stream and that anythingwhich acts to reduce the number or extentof these changes will reduce the size of thedistraction effect.The words in the irrelevant stream in theseexperiments were not, so far as can be ascertainedby passive listening, rendered unintelligibleby the process of adding reverberation,although no formal tests were carried out onwhether the relative levels of intelligibility variedbetween the conditions and that remains alimitation of the current study.The present results are inconsistent with theview that it is always helpful, when aiming tooptimise cognitive efficiency, to reduce the levelof reverberation within the environment……These experiments are the first to demonstratethat intrinsic factors of particular environmentscan modify the extent of auditory distractionobjectively observed in such environments.Concluding remarks can be brief and clear. Theysummarise what the researchers feel can sensiblybe concluded from their results.In conclusion, we have established that reverberationcan reduce the auditory distractioneffect produced by irrelevant speech.At the end of the discussion you might decide toidentify other things that could now be investigatedthat relate to your research.Further research looking at the subjectiveexperience of such noise should, in addition,lead to a greater understanding of how auditoryenvironments can be made more conducive toefficient cognitive function both objectively andsubjectively.7. ReferencesThe final section is a reference list. Here theresearchers give full details of the other research inbooks or academic journals that they have referredto in their investigation. This is very useful forthose reading the work as they may be interestedto extend their reading to the articles and booksindicated by the researchers who wrote the paper.The reference section from Beaman and Holt(2007) includes the following:1. Ruddle, R. A., Payne, S. J., & Jones, D.M. (1998). Navigating large-scale ‘desk-top’virtual buildings: Effects of orientation aidsand familiarity. Presence: Teleoperators & VirtualEnvironments, 7, 179–192.This is a research paper by Ruddle, Payne andJones. It was published in 1998, in the seventhvolume of an academic journal called Presence:Teleoperators & Virtual Environments on pages 179to 192.2. Ruddle, R. A., Payne, S. J., & Jones, D. M.(1999). Spatial knowledge and virtual environments.In J. M. Noyes & M. Cook (Eds.),Interface Technology: The Leading Edge (pp.135–146). Baldock, England: Research Studies.This is a chapter of a book called InterfaceTheory: The Leading Edge. The book was editedby Noyes and Cook, and was published in 1999by a company called Baldock, based in England.The chapter was written by Ruddle, Payne andJones and is titled “Spatial knowledge and virtualenvironments”.3. Wann, J. P., Rushton, S. K., Smyth, M., &Jones, D. (1997). Rehabilitation environmentsfor attention and movement disorders. Communicationsof ACM, 40, 49–52.This is a short article, written by Wann, Rushton,Smyth and Jones in 1997, called “Rehabilitationenvironments for attention and movement disorders”.It appeared in volume 40 of an academicpublication called Communications of ACM, onpages 49–52. ACM stands for Association of ComputerMachinery.Extract from A2 Psychology: The Student’s Textbook © Nigel Holt and Rob Lewis ISBN: 9781845901004 www.crownhouse.co.uk