30. Franks, J.S., Warren, J.R. & Buchanan, M.V. (1999). Age and growth of cobia, <strong>Rachycentron</strong><strong>canadum</strong>, from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Fishery Bulletin 97(3), 459-471.We examined 1005 cobia, <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong>, from recreational catches in the northeasternGulf of Mexico from 1987 to 1995. Specimens ranged from 325 to 1651 mm fork length (FL);females had a mean FL of 1050 mm (in=730) and were significantly larger than males that had amean FL of 952 mm (in=275). The overall male to female ratio was 1:2.7. Ages of 565 cobia wereestimated from thin-sectioned otoliths (sagittae). Marginal-increment analysis of sagittal otolithsshowed a single annual minimum during June. Male cobia (in=170; 525-1330 mm FL) ranged fromage 0 to 9, and females (in=395; 493-1651 mm FL) ranged from age 0 to 11. The relationship ofobserved fork length and age was described by the von Bertalanffy growth equation for males FL t =1171 (1-exp [-0.432(t+1.150)]) and for females FL t = 1555(1-exp [-0.272(t+1.254)]). Growth inlength for both sexes was relatively fast through age 2, after which growth slowed gradually.Estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters L ∞ and K were significantly differentfor males and females, whereas estimates for t 0 were not significantly different. Sagittal otolithweight was a good predictor of age. The instantaneous rate of total mortality (Z) estimated by catchcurve analysis for fully recruited ages 4-8 was 0.75.31. Fry, G.C. & Griffiths, S.P. (2010). Population dynamics and stock status of cobia, <strong>Rachycentron</strong><strong>canadum</strong>, caught in Australian recreational and commercial coastal fisheries. FisheriesManagement and Ecology, 17(3), 231-239.Age and growth of <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong> (L.) was studied in northern and eastern Australia toprovide data for a preliminary assessment of the stock and to explore possible fisheries managementstrategies using minimum legal lengths. Fish collected from commercial and recreational fisheriesranged in size and weight from 125 to 1633 mm fork length (FL) and 0.031 to 55 kg respectively.The annual growth increments in sectioned otoliths formed by November-December were analyzed.Estimated ages ranged from 0 to 7 yr for both genders. Longevity was estimated to be at least 13 yr.Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L! = 1160 mm FL, K =0.63 yr -1 and t 0 =-0.21 yr -1 . <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong> reach 600 mm FL in their first year and over 1000 mm FL in 3 years.Natural and total mortalities were estimated at 0.35 yr -1 and 0.85 yr -1 , respectively. Populations ofR. <strong>canadum</strong> may be vulnerable to growth overfishing under the current minimum legal length of750 mm total length (TL) in Queensland waters. An increase in minimum legal length to 850 mmTL is recommended.32. Ganga, U., Pillai, N.G.K., Akhilesh, K.V., Shanis, C.P.R., Beni, N., Manjebrayakath, H. &Prakasan, D. (2012). Population dynamics of cobia <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong> (Linnaeus, 1766) offCochin coast, south-eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 59(3), 15-20.Estimated landings of cobia from the Indian EEZ by the commercial fishing vessels are mostly asbycatch in hooks and line cum gillnet and trawl nets. However, the catches are substantial comparedto thatreported in several other countries of Asia. The species is also gaining considerableimportance as a favoured candidate species for sea farming using cages. Very little is known aboutthe fishery and biological characters such as maturation, fecundity and feeding preferences of cobiain Indian seas. Study indicated a fast growth rate with estimates of L x = 184 cm (FL) and K = 2.6(yr -1 ) in cobia. The total mortality rate (Z) was estimated as 5.18, natural mortality (M) was 2.01and fishing mortality (F) was 3.17 with an exploitation rate (E) of 0.61. The length at first capture(Lc 50 ) estimated from the catch curve was 72 cm. Fecundity was found to be high and variable, withmean fecundity estimated as 12, 37, 545 eggs with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 16.7. Asinferred from the oocyte development pattern, spawning activity is brief and fish is classified assynchronous ovulatory type. The growth parameters and condition factor estimated in this studyindicate that relatively high growth rates are also possible in wild stocks considering that food isabundant and the environmental temperature is in the optimum range. Feeding preferences indicatedbalistid fish and shrimps with a wide variety of food items including finfishes, crustaceans andmolluscs present.33. Gilkolaei, S.R., Aliabadi, M.A.S., Savari, A., Algharneyn, H.Z. & Nabavi, S.M.B. (2009).Investigation on genetic structure of cobia (<strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong>) using microsatellite markers.Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 18(3), 67-78.The genetic diversity of cobia, <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong> populations in the Persian Gulf and OmanSea were assessed using microsatellite technique. We removed about 3-5g of pectoral and dorsal fintissue from 184 samples in winter 2006 and spring 2007, and stored it in pure ethylic alcohol (96%).Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted on the target DNA using 10 paired microsatellite9
primers. The dendrogram was constructed and drawn using MEGA software package version 4.Based on the analysis of molecular variance, the highest F st (0.063) was observed when comparingspecimens from Dayer Port and Pozm zones. Significant differences (P0.05). <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong> achieved stage 3 anaesthesia more rapidly at a lower clove oilconcentration level (40 mg L -1 , 10 min) than TMS (60 mg L -1 , 10 min), but the recovery period ofclove oil, was significantly longer. Clove oil was the most effective in reducing the short-term stressinduced by routine biometry (20 mg L -1 , 10 min) and also by transporting (1 mg L -1 , 8 h). Whereas,for long-term exposure, 40 mg L -1 TMS was found to be safe.36. Hendon, J.R., Franks, J.S. & Fulford, R.S. (2008). Seasonal movements and migratory patternsof cobia in coastal waters of the Southeastern United States. Proceedings of the Gulf and CaribbeanFisheries Institute. 60, 645.The cobia, <strong>Rachycentron</strong> <strong>canadum</strong>, is a coastal pelagic species that supports both recreational andcommercial fisheries in the southeastern United States. Cobia exhibit seasonal migrations in theGulf of Mexico and along the U.S. Atlantic coast, but the extent to which those fish migrate is notwell-documented. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal movements and migratorybehavior of cobia in southeastern U.S. waters in order to develop information pertinent to effectiveregional management of the cobia fishery. From 1988 through July 2007, participants in an anglercooperativeresearch program tagged and released 15,003 cobia ranging from Gulf waters off Texasto Atlantic waters off Virginia, and 962 (6.4%) of those fish were recaptured. Data indicate ageneral migratory trend of cobia over-wintering in south Florida coastal waters, followed bynortherly movement in late winter and early spring along both coasts of the Florida Peninsula tospawning grounds in northern Gulf and central U.S. Atlantic coastal waters. A subsequent return tosouth Florida waters in late fall was common. Results of this research support the regional scale ofcobia management currently implemented by the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic FisheryManagement Councils.10
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- Page 24 and 25: showed that cobia fed the diet cont
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- Page 28 and 29: 83. George, P.V. & Nadakal, A.M. (1
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- Page 40 and 41: enefit the rural poor, whereas offs
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- Page 44 and 45: 137. Kaiser, J.B. & Holt, G.J. (200
- Page 46 and 47: (DHA) and vitamin E levels compared
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- Page 50 and 51: growth rates (SGR) did not exceed t
- Page 52 and 53: this paper. ANOVA showed that food
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This suggests that the enrichment o
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formerly characterized elovl5 elong
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208. Weirich, C.R., Stokes, A.D., S
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trypsin activities of intestine of
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decreased gradually as fish body we
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BIA methodology can be utilized as
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cobia were 21.72 mg kg -1 , 22.38 m
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effects upon final product quality,
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than the optimal requirement of cob
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A 9-week feeding trial was conducte
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soybean meal in Cobia, Rachycentron
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261. Sun, L., Chen, H., Huang, L.,
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fishes and invertebrates. Here we i
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274. Watson, A.M., Buentello, A. &
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estimated to be 44.7 mg kg -1 based
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20% of alternative protein meal, ne
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levels of methionine (0.61%, 0.83%,
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298. Mach, D.T.N. & Nortvedt, R. (2
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acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), t
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068Breitenbach, B.078Brenkert, K.01
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271Duncan, M.226Dung, L.Q.023DuPaul
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139, 149Kilduff, P.180Kim, I.H.088K
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265Myrseth, B.140Nabavi, S.M.B.001,
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244Shi, C.071Shi, G.218, 262, 287Sh
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291Xie, J.269, 270Xu, H.037, 190Xu,