COBIA (Rachycentron canadum)

levels of similarity to the V. carchariae. Analysing all the results of several methods, strain JT2 wasidentified as Vibrio carchariae.87. Hich, T.V. & Duyen, P.T. (2008). Viral nervous necrosis infection of marine fish cultured inKhanh Hoa, Viet Nam. Review of Science-Technology of Fisheries, 1, 19-24.Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) has spread worldwide among cultured marine fish with the numberof susceptible host species continuing to grow (Munday and Nakai 1997). Affect fish exhibit arange of neurological signs, such as abnormal swimming behavious and pale-grey discoloration ofthe body. In Khanh Hoa (Viet Nam), grow-out fish (grouper-Epinephelus spp., sea bass-Latescalcarifer and cobia Rachycentron canadum) had been suffering from a disease characterized bysimilar clinical signs with high mass mortality. Histological investigations in moribund fishrevealed marked vacuolation in the retina and brain. The size of vacuolation was varying from 4-30µm with different shape from oval to circle. These results indicate the presence of VNN in culturedmarine fish in Khanh Hoa.88. Ho, J.S., Kim, I.H., Cruz-Lacierda, E.R. & Nagasawa, K. (2004). Sea lice (Copepoda,Caligidae) parasitic on marine cultured and wild fishes of the Philippines. Journal of the FisheriesSociety of Taiwan, 31(4), 235-249.Four species of sea lice were found parasitic on ten species of marine fishes either cultured in thecoastal ponds or occurring in the sea water supply canals in the Philippines. They are: Caligusepidemicus Hewitt, 1971 on Acanthurus mata (Cuvier), Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton),Glossogobius celebius (Valenciennes), Liza parmata (Cantor), Lutjanus argentimaculatus(Forsskael), Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus), Oreochromis urolepis hornorum (Trewavas),Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus), and Siganus guttatus(Bloch); Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954 on L. argentimaculatus and S. guttatus; Lepeophtheirussigani n. sp. on S. guttatus; and Pseudocaligus uniartus n. sp. on S. guttatus and L.argentimaculatus. These ten species of fishes are new host to C. epidemicus, except for O.mossambicus which has been reported to carry C. epidemicus from Taiwan. Caligus quadratus isnew to the Philippines and the two species of fish harboring it are the new host. While L. sigani wasfound only on S. guttatus, P. uniartus was recovered mostly from S. guttatus, and C. quadratus,largely from L. argentimaculatus. Caligus epidemicus exhibits extremely low host specificity andwas found on all species of fishes examined.89. Ho, L.P., Chang, C.J., Liu, H.C., Yang, H.L. & Lin, J.H.Y. (2014). Evaluating the protectiveefficacy of antigen combinations against Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida infections incobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Journal of Fish Diseases, 37 (1), 51-62.Cobia, Rachycentron canadum L., is a very important aquatic fish that faces the risk of infectionwith the bacterial pathogen Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida, and there are few protectiveapproaches available that use multiple antigens. In the present study, potent bivalent antigens fromP. damselae ssp. piscicida showed more efficient protection than did single antigens used inisolation. In preparations of three antigens that included recombinant heat shock protein 60(rHSP60), recombinant α-enolase (rENOLASE) and recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (rGAPDH), we analysed the doses that elicited the best immune responses andfound that this occurred at a total of 30 µg of antigen per fish. Subsequently, vaccination of fishwith rHSP60, rENOLASE and rGAPDH achieved 46.9, 52 and 25% relative per cent survival(RPS), respectively. In addition, bivalent subunit vaccines - combination I (rHSP60 + rENOLASE),combination II (rENOLASE + rGAPDH) and combination III (rHSP60 + rGAPDH) - wereadministered and the RPS in these groups (65.6, 64.0 and 48.4%, respectively), was higher than thatachieved with single-antigen administration. Finally, in combination IV, the trivalent vaccinerHSP60 + rENOLASE + rGAPDH, the RPS was 1.6%. Taken together, our results suggest thatcombinations of two antigens may achieve a better efficiency than monovalent or trivalent antigens,and this may provide new insights into pathogen prevention strategies.90. Ku, C.C. & Lu, C.H. (2009). Investigation and treatment of Parapetalus occidentalis Wilson(Copepoda, Caligidae) infestation in sea cage-cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum) at PenghuIslands (Pescadores), Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 36(2), 161-169.The occurrence of Parapetalus occidentalis Wilson (Copepoda, Caligidae) on sea cage-culturedcobia (Rachycentron canadum) at Penghu Islands (Pescadores) was reported. P. occidentalis wasspecific to cobia among the Penghu sea cage-cultured fish. Two health conditions of cultured cobia(healthy market size and diseased juvenile) were examined. The abundance of P. occidentalis on26