Department of Energy Technology - KTH Mechanics

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KTH Energy Technology
Department of Energy Technology
Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

EGI in Numbers
Master degree studies
38 Master of Science Theses
33 Master degree Courses
Post-graduate studies
44 Ph.D. students
1 Doctoral thesis
4 Licentiate theses
5 Ph.D. courses
Competence centers
Swedish Gas Turbine Center (GTC)
Efficient Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
(eff-Sys)
The Center for Energy Conversion
Technologies (CETET)
Finances
Total income 73,3 MSEK
Total expenditures 71,8 MSEK
Content
Organization……………………………………….3
Board………………………………………………3
Preface……………………………………………..4
Education
Master degree Programs……………………………8
Master degree courses……………………………....9
Post-graduate curriculum………………………….10
Research Units
Nuclear Reactor Engineering (ERT)………………11
Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration (ETT).15
Nuclear Power Safety (EKS) ……………………...21
Heat and Power Technology (EKV)…………….....24
Sustainable Building Systems (EBS)……………….32
Competence centers
Efficient Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
(eff-Sys)……………………………………….…..33
The Center for Energy Conversion Technologies
(CETET)………………………………………….34
Swedish Gas Turbine Center (GTC)…….………...34
Main Experimental Equipment……………….…...35
Publications
Doctoral theses…………………………..……….37
Msc theses………………………………………..37
Scientific Publications…………………………….39
Sources of funding………………………………..46
Finances…………………………………………..47
Personnel…………………………………………48
Contact information………………………………49

Department of Energy Technology
Executive Group
Heads of research units and
administration
Directors of studies
Applied
Thermodynamics
and
Refrigeration
(ETT)
Björn Palm
and
Per Lundqvist
Heat and
Power
Technology
(EKV)
Torsten
Fransson
Board
2003-01-01—2003-07-30
Torsten Fransson, chairman
Anders Johansson, Ph.D. stud.rep
Ann Brånth, rep. Techn/adm
Björn Palm, teacher rep.
Per Lundqvist, teacher rep.
Anders Nordstrand, teacher rep.
Tomas Lefvert, external rep.
Bo Janzon, external rep.
Victoria Nilsson, secretary
Head of Department
Torsten Fransson
Vice Head:
Björn Palm
Nuclear
Reactor
Engineering
(ERT)
Wiktor Frid
Organization
Board
Nuclear
Power
Safety
(EKS)
Bal Raj Sehgal
Scientific Group
The Professors
Sustainable
Building
Systems
(EBS)
Ivo Martinac
Master degree studies
Director of Studies: Hans Jonsson
Post-graduate studies
Director of studies: Björn Palm
Research
Handled by the scientific group
Support
Head of administration: Peter Nordén
Head of Economy: Catharina Lenneryd
IT-manager: Jan Fredriksson
Workshop manager: Rolf Bornhed
The Swedish
Centre
for Energy
Conversion
Technologies
(CETET)
Torsten
Fransson, Mats
Westermark
(Kemi)
2002-08-01—2002-12-31
Torsten Fransson, chairman
Cecilia Hägg, Ph.D. stud.rep
Ann Brånth, rep. Techn/adm
Björn Palm, teacher rep.
Per Lundqvist, teacher rep.
Anders Nordstrand, teacher rep.
Tomas Lefvert, external rep.
Bo Janzon, external rep.
Emma Runeborg, student rep.
Mikaela Sahlin, student rep.
Victoria Nilsson, secretary
Industrial Advisory
Group
Efficient
Refrigeration
and Heat
Pump
Systems
(eff-Sys)
Björn Palm,
Per Lundqvist
Gas
Turbine
Center
(GTC)
Torsten
Fransson
3

Department of Energy Technology
Preface
The Department of Energy Technology (EGI) at
KTH covers a broad range of topics within the energy
field, through its five Research Units and co-located
Centers. Focus areas span from fundamental sciences
like thermodynamics and heat transfer to critical
applied technologies for generation of power, heat,
and cooling, along with various forms of efficient
energy utilization as well as security of energy supply
and safety. All these topics cover very basic
mechanical issues but also highly sophisticated
information technologies, communication, and
transfer of other energy-related information. All of
these aspects are a significant part of the subjects that
an engineer in energy technology works with today.
Both educational as well as research aspects within the
department are of high international standard. The
Master degree students and Ph.D. students receive a
broad knowledge base but also have access to quality
specialized competence. The department participates
in a large number of European research projects,
ranging from fundamental to applied studies.
On the educational side the restructuring the
department started some years ago is attracting more
students than earlier. There is a significant increase in
the number of applications from both the Swedish
and International programs for the academic year
2004/05. EGI has become the third largest major in
the MMT-school. The energy direction in the
Industrial Economy department is the largest of the
available options. The number of students following
the Sustainable Energy Engineering program attained
an all-time high for 2003/04. EGI is also approached
from several foreign universities to participate in
educational networks. The educational material
developed by EGI is very attractive to these
universities who intend to use EGI-courses in their
own curriculum. PhD
The Department has been honoured with the new
Mechanical Engineering course at MMT. This is given
in the first year and attracted 140 students. On the
national and international level EGI participates in
various educational collaborations, like the Swedish
Net University and exchanges with Zagreb, Zheijang
and Nantes.
4
Several courses are now actively using computers at
many stages in the education. Most courses have
home-pages where the students can obtain detailed
day-to-day information, and where the lecture
material is distributed.
The department has during 2003 been highly
instrumental in CETET, the “Center for Energy
Conversion Technologies” at KTH, as well as in the
newly established “KTH Energy Center”. Several
interdisciplinary topics are treated, and collaborative
work over the traditional faculty and departmental
boundaries are regularly performed inside these
Centers. On the more disciplinary side, EGI has
continued its participation in the centers like CETET,
EFFSYS and GTC.
The Department was also during 2003 invited to head
one of the "KTH Home Coming Days". The title of
the seminar was "Sustainable Energy". These seminars
were very well attended and appreciated.
The internal work related to the psycho-social and
physical working environment has been accentuated,
together with the safety related issues. As over the last
few years, significant delegations have been given to
project leaders. The relation seniors/students
increased for the second consecutive year.
It is with great pleasure that we acknowledge the
following Tekn Lic graduates:
- Mikkel Myhre: “Numerical Investigation of the
Sensitivity of Forced Response Characteristics of
Bladed Disks to Mistuning”
- Miroslav Petrov: “Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid
Combined Cycles”
Our sincere thanks are also extended to the personnel
who have celebrated their 10 years (or more) jubilee at
the divisions within EGI:
Per Almqvist Ivo Martinac
Inga Du Rietz Åke Melinder
Jan Fredriksson Anders Nordstrand
Per Lundqvist Björn Palm
Florin Manolescu Per Persson
Stellan Hedberg Tommy Andersson
Christer Blomqvist Rolf Bornhed

Department of Energy Technology
Torsten Fransson Börje Mundt
Bal Raj Sehgal Benny Sjöberg
Ulla Wahlgren
New personnel at the Department during the year
2003:
Magnus Eriksson, graduate student at ETT
Getachew Bekele, graduate student at ETT
Marcin Bednarski, graduate student at ERT
Armen Stepanyan, graduate student at EKS
Arrie Tjahyo Setiawan, graduate student at ETT
Rickard Furberg, graduate student at ETT
Benny Andersson, technician at ETT
Arun Kumar Nayak, researcher at EKS
Among other important events can be mentioned that
Prof. Sehgal received the Glenn T. Seaborg Medal of
the American Nuclear Society for outstanding
contributions to Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Safety,
Physics and Engineering and for publication of more
than 300 peer reviewed papers and reports.
Prof. Granryd received ‘Stora Energipriset’ for his
contribution to the development of heat pump
technology and cost effective heat pump systems.
Per Lundqvist has been rewarded with KTH Teaching
Award for extraordinary contributions to the
undergraduate education at KTH.
The Department of Energy Technology has as goal to
perform education and research of the highest
international level. The requirements to reach these
goals, a stable economy, competent personnel, highlevel
and adaptable infrastructure, are established. The
income has steadily increased over the last years,
reaching 73,3 MSEK in 2003, with a surplus of
slightly more than 1.4 MSEK, up from 0.8 MSEK in
2002.
The department is thus looking ahead towards a
bright future. There will be a significant need for
engineers in the field over the next few years. The
major companies will need to hire a large number of
well-educated people. Information technology will
more and more come into the field of energy
technology, bring with it exciting new problem areas.
EGI eagerly awaits tomorrow’s challenges and will
continually strive for excellence in education and
research.
We hope that you will find this report useful and
informative. Please do not hesitate to contact us for
additional information, or stop by for a virtual visit at
our home page, www.energy.kth.se.
Professor Torsten Fransson
Head of the Department
5

Department of Energy Technology
Fig. 1. Licentiate and Doctoral theses 1999-2003
6
6
5
4
Quantity 3
2
1
0
1999 2000 2001
Year
2002 2003
Licentiate theses

Department of Energy Technology
Number of students
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Energy technology (MMT) Energy systems (I)
Sustainable Energy Engineering
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Fig 2. Number of students year 4 Msc specialization Energy Technology
HÅS, HÅP
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
The four Msc specializations (Refrigeration
technology, Heating and ventilation
technology, Heat and power technology and
Reactor technology) are replaced by the Msc
specialization Energy Technology
HÅS
HÅP
Prognos
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
År
Fig. 3. HÅS-and HÅP-production 1997-2003
7

Department of Energy Technology
Master Degree Programs
KTH Energy Technology is responsible for three
programs awarding the degree of Master of Science;
Energy Technology, Energy Systems, and Sustainable
Energy Engineering. The first two are intended for
the students at the school of Mechanical and
Materials Engineering, and the school of Industrial
Economics at KTH respectively, and the latter
program is open for all students world wide holding
an engineering Bachelor of Science degree or
equivalent. All programs are offered free of charge.
Since 1999 we have reorganized most of our courses
and our programs. One of the reasons was to provide
the students with more flexibility in their choice of
competence profile. The programs now consist of a
core of six compulsory courses giving the students
knowledge on basic energy technology. A large
number of optional advanced courses provide each
student with the possibility to form his/her own
competence profile within the field of energy
technology. Another reason for reorganizing our
courses was the possibility to integrate our three
programs. By doing so, we have created an
international profile, as well as an interesting and
stimulating learning environment for both students
and lecturers.
Our three master degree programs have seen a large
increase in the number of students during the past
year. A total of 84 students were admitted in our
programs, and during the coming academic year the
number of students will increase to 91. The most
gratifying aspect is the fact that we next year roughly
have the same number of students on all the
programs; Energy Technology: 30, Energy Systems:
26, and Sustainable Energy Engineering: 35. The
Energy Technology program is the 3 rd largest at the
school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the
Energy Systems program is largest at the school och
Industrial Economics, and the Sustainable Energy
Engineering program is the most popular
International master degree program at KTH.
8
There are many explanations to the increase in the
number of students. Firstly, after the reorganisation
of our courses and programs in 1999, the students
now see the strength of our programs, and the large
flexibility inherent. Secondly, we have established a
fruitful cooperation with our industrial partners to
help us with finding suitable master theses proposals,
interesting summer trainee positions, and perhaps the
most important providing work opportunities for our
students.
The programs offer two study majors, both having a
strong environmental focus: Sustainable Power
Generation, and Sustainable Energy Utilization. The
purpose of the programs is to provide state-of-the-art
education in the field of energy technology by means
of economically and environmentally sustainable
systems and technologies.
The term sustainable energy engineering comprises a
wide array of practices, policies and technologies
(conventional and renewable) aimed at providing
energy at the least financial, environmental and social
cost. A strong emphasis is placed on dealing with
energy engineering tasks with due consideration of
technical, environmental and socio-economic issues.
Advanced methods are applied to identify, describe,
quantify and find solutions to a diverse range of
energy engineering problems. Both study majors
offered provide proficiency in project-design
implementation, operation and maintenance, as well
as in crucial phases of policy generation. Each study
major has a total duration of nine months taught
courses (40 credits, one credit corresponding to one
week of full-time studies).
Hans Jonsson
Director of Master Degree Studies

Department of Energy Technology
Master Degree Courses
Credits Registered students
Degree project in Heat and Power Technology 20 13
Degree project in Nuclear Reactor Engineering 20 2
Degree project in Refrigerating Engineering 20 19
Degree project in Heat Transfer 20 3
Degree project in Applied Thermodynamics 20 3
Degree project in Nuclear Power Safety 20 1
Degree project in Energy Technology 20 10
Mechanical Engineering 6 145
Applied Thermodynamics 6 241
Energy technology – Business – Leadership 8 8
Energy System and models 4 24
Introductory Airbreathing propulsion 4 31
Airbreathing propulsion, Intermediate course I 4 4
Rocket Propulsion 4 3
Heat transfer 4 54
Introduction to Energy Technology 2 43
Energy Technology 4 57
Sustainable Power Generation 6 73
Sustainable Energy Utilisation 6 79
Applied Energy Technology – Project course 6 49
Energy Management 4 114
Renewable Energy Technology 4 70
Energy and Environment 4 50
Combustion Theory 4 18
Thermal comfort and indoor climate 4 21
Applied Refrigeration and Heat pump technology 4 28
Numerical Methods in Energy Technology 4 18
Electronics cooling 4 14
Applied Heat and Power Technology 4 27
Applied Reactor Technology and Nuclear Power Safety 4 12
Reactor Engineering, Continuous course 4 6
Fluid Machinery 4 19
Thermal Turbo Machinery 4 4
9

Department of Energy Technology
Post-graduate curriculum
A large number of post-graduate courses are given at
the Department of Energy Technology. Most of these
are highly specialized and given by the professors or
heads at each division, primarily for the students at
the division. Students from other departments at
KTH or universities are of course welcome to
participate if they have prerequisite knowledge in the
area. A few of the courses held at the department are
aimed at providing deeper knowledge in basic and
broad topics such as thermodynamics, heat transfer
and numerical methods.
New post-graduate students are urged to follow a
course in measurement technology given at the
department. All post-graduate students are required to
take an introductory course in the theory of science
and/or Epistemology.
The forms of study vary depending on the subject
and the number of students. Some courses include
lectures and laboratory sessions similar to Master
degree courses. Other courses are given as seminars
where the students are active by participating in the
presentation of the material. Finally, highly specialized
courses may be given as self-study.
In 2003 the department introduced a researchpreparatory
program running in the fall semester. The
plans are to make this program a yearly occurring
event. Within the program, students are given the
possibility to take courses which may be part of a
ph.d. degree, while simultaneously being a part of the
group of ph.d. students. However, the program is no
guarantee for a PhD position.
Björn Palm
Director of Post graduate studies
10

Department of Energy Technology
Division of Nuclear Reactor
Engineering (ERT)
Chair: Visiting Prof. Wiktor Frid
By now, this Chair has existed for about 37 years, i. e.,
from the time when construction was initiated of the
first commercial nuclear plants in Sweden. Nuclear
power currently accounts for almost 50 % of the
electricity generated in this country. Hence, Nuclear
Reactor Engineering is a vital discipline in the context
of the energy production in Sweden.
The Swedish nuclear industry and authorities
currently find themselves in a generation transition.
Inspiring university students to choose a career in the
nuclear field is an important challenge. One way of
achieving this ambition is by providing up-to-date
education in these disciplines, with emphasis on such
aspects as the long-term sustainability of nuclear
fission as a source of energy, combined with its
minuscule environmental impact as regards CO2
emission.
The research at the Division is mainly directed
towards experimental and theoretical studies of
single- and two-phase flow and heat transfer
phenomena in cores of Light Water Reactors. Other
research areas of interest are accident management
issues, Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) and
multi-dimensional methods for coupled neutron
kinetics and thermal-hydraulic reactor analysis. Studies
of critical heat flux in fuel assemblies are conducted in
1 MW loop at the Divisions laboratory.
During 2003 the research at the Division has been
supported by the Swedish Center for Nuclear
Technology (SKC), European Union and the Swedish
Nuclear Power Inspectorate.
Two projects involve studies in the 1 MW loop,
investigating how the dryout limit on the surface of a
typical BWR fuel rod – in full length geometry -
depends on the presence of spacers, the number of
spacers and their positions, as well as on the axial
power distribution. While some tests are conducted at
current BWR operating pressure (70 bar) and normal
values for the channel inlet sub-cooling (10 0 C),
others study the influence on the dryout limit of
reduced operating pressure and enhanced inlet subcooling.
Mechanistic modeling of two-phase flows in fuel
assemblies, e.g. using CFD methods, requires detailed
knowledge about the flow dynamics, in particular the
turbulence structure. This issue is addressed in two
research projects, in two test facilities, in which
measurements of pressure distribution, velocity field
(using Laser Doppler Velocimetry), void contents and
two-phase flow resistance are carried out in realistic
geometries of BWR fuel assemblies.
Other research projects address post-dryout in
annular tubes, liquid film dynamics in annular twophase
flow, measurements and analysis of dryout and
liquid film thickness in a tube with various axial
power distributions, CFD modeling and experimental
validation of steam condensation in the presence ofnon
condensable gases, development of an accurate
method for calculation of pressure loads on internal
reactor structures during Loss of Coolant Accidents
and development of a computerized tool for accident
diagnostics and source term predictions.
During the year 2003
• Wiktor Frid was invited to serve as a
member of the Scientific Advisory
Committee for the Thermo-Hydraulic
Laboratory at the Paul Sherrer Institute
(PSI) in Switzerland
• Wiktor Frid was invited to serve as a
member of the organizing committee and
session chairmen at the
OECD/CSNI/NEA Workshop on
Evaluation of Uncertainties in Relation to
Severe Accidents and Level 2 PSA
• Wiktor Frid was opponent at the Licentiate
thesis presentation at the Chalmers
University of Technology, Department of
Reactor Physics
• In the framework of the EU FP5, the
Division has successfully completed
development of a novel computerized tool
11

Department of Energy Technology
for nuclear reactor accident diagnostics and
source term predictions.
• Wiktor Frid was invited to lecture on
Reactor Safety and Future Reactors at the
Silesian University of Technology in
Gliwice, Polen.
Project Descriptions
Pressure Drop and Turbulence Structure in
Single- and Two-phase Flows Through Realistic
Fuel Geometries
Researcher: Diana Caraghiaur, Wiktor Frid and Nils
Tillmark,
E-mail: diana@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology
General Description and Objectives: The rapid
development of Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) methods opens a possibility to replace
traditional correlation based approach to modelling of
two phase flow in fuel assemblies with mechanistic
three dimensional two-fluid models. The objective of
the research project is to study the fluid dynamics of
turbulent single- and two-phase adiabatic air/water
flows in real geometries of both BWR and PWR fuel
assemblies. The experiments will provide data and
insights required for validation and further
development of multi-dimensional models for fuel
bundle analyses. Of particular interest are the phase
distribution phenomena in bubbly two-phase flow
and the mass and momentum transfer between
adjacent sub-channels, where the turbulence structure
of the liquid phase plays an important role, as well as
the spacer effects. The project has been initiated by
studies of single phase flow.
Mechanistic Modelling of Dryout in Fuel
Assemblies
Researcher: Mattias Hemlin
E-mail: mattias@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology
General Description and Objectives: The need of better
methods to predict dryout in boiling water reactors is
desirable. The objective of this project is to contribute
to more accurate predictions of dryout in nuclear fuel
12
assemblies, through development and validation of
mechanistically based models of liquid film dynamics
in annular flow.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of
Air-Steam-Hydrogen Distribution in the Reactor
Containment with Focus on Steam Condensation
Effects
Researcher: Krzysztof Karkoszka
E-mail: kris@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology
General Description and Objectives: A possibility of
hydrogen combustion in reactor containments during
severe accidents belongs to one of the most
important safety issues, especially for Pressurized
Water Reactors. In spite of extensive research in this
area there is still a need to reduce uncertainties in
some important phenomena. One of these is
transport and distribution of hydrogen in the reactor
containment in the presence of steam. Experimental
studies indicate that steam condensation on
containment structures plays an important role for
hydrogen distribution. In order to correctly account
for this effect, analysis using multi-dimensional
computational tools, such as Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) codes seems necessary. The main
objective of the project is to develop and implement
in a CFD code improved steam condensation model
and to validate this model and the code against
separate and integral experiments.
A rapid response source term indicator based on
plant status for use in emergency response
(STERPS)
Researcher: Marcin Bednarski, Wiktor Frid
E-mail: wiktor@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: European Commission
General Description and Objectives: In an accident
situation in a nuclear power plant it is essential to
have a capability for a rapid indication of realistic
“source terms”, i.e. the magnitude and the chemical
and physical form of the radioactive substances,
generated from a range of likely accident scenarios.
The objective of the project is to develop a
probabilistic source term estimation system that could
be used by off-site emergency management,
emergency planning personnel and nuclear power
plant operators. The system should allow the user to

Department of Energy Technology
input plant specific data, such as key design features,
including safety systems, key accident sequences
derived from Probabilistic Safety Studies, accident
management measures and source term data.
Development of the RELAP5 code for fluidstructure
interaction analysis
Researcher: Ferenc Muller
E-mail: ferenc@eskonsult.se
Sponsor: Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate
General Description and Objectives: The objective is to
contribute to the development of state-of-the-art
computational predictive tools for assessment of
dynamic loads on internal reactor structures in case of
fast pressure transients, e.g. Loss of Coolant
Accidents. The RELAP5 code for thermal-hydraulic
analysis of reactor system will be modified so that it
can be connected with codes for structural analysis.
Void contents and flow resistance of two-phase
flows through realistic fuel geometries
Researcher: Hamid Sadeghi
E-mail: hamid@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate
General Description and Objectives: Study void contents
and flow resistance of two-phase flows consisting of
air-water mixtures at low pressure through an
unheated transparent mockup of a BWR subassembly,
equipped with real spacers.
Measurement and Analysis of Dryout and Film
Thickness in a Tube with Various Axial Power
Distributions
Researcher: Carl Adamsson
E-mail: carl@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: SKC
General Description and Objectives: The objective of this
project is to measure the liquid film flow in annular
two-phase flow. The results will be used to validate
and develop accurate mechanistic models to predict
the occurrence of dryout. In addition to the
measurements a theoretical investigation based on
CFD methods will be performed.
Complementary Measurements of Dryout in
Annular geometry
Researcher: Per Persson
E-mail: perper@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: SKI
General description and objective: This was a continuation
of earlier investiagtions of the dryout phenomena
carried out during a long time. The project was
completed in June 2003. A report has been written on
the project.
Fig. 4 Test rig
Implementation of a New Data Aquisition and
Computer Program for the Thermal-hydraulic
Two-phase Flow Loop
Researcher: Per Persson
E-mail: perper@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: SKC
General Description and Objectives: The old (from the
early 1980-ies) data aquistion and computer system at
the loop has been replaced by a new system. There
has so far not been a documentation of the loop and
the data aquisition system. The project has covered
the following parts. A description of the measured
parameters and equations for the conversion of
measured signals to actual parameter values.
Development of a new computer program in
LabView for the operation of the loop, data aquisition
and analysis. The implementation of the new system
was necessary for the future use of the loop. A report
has been written on the project.
13

Department of Energy Technology
Preparation of Dryout and Post Dryout
Measurements in Annular Geometry with Tubes
of Inconel
Researcher: Per Persson
E-mail: perper@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: SKI
General Description and Objectives: The purpose of this
study is to measure the wall temperatures in case of
dryout and to study the influence of spacers on the
post dryout temperatures. Studies of this type have
never been carried out before. Special temperature
measurement devices have been constructed and the
test section has been placed in the loop and is ready
for measurements. The project will be completed in
the beginning of 2004.
Disposition of Irradiated (Spent) Nuclear Fuel
Researcher: Björn Cronhiort
E-mail: btc@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Private
General Description and Objectives: Current 'schools' for
disposition of spent nuclear fuel include 'Final'
Disposal and Temporary Disposal. Final Disposal
most often takes the shape of Wet Deep Disposal
(WDD). Temporary Disposal can be realized in many
ways. In our project we advocate a Dry Rock
Disposal (DRD) followed by Accelerator Driven
Transmutation Technologies (ADTT). The objective
is to inspire the society at large, and the nuclear
energy community in particular, to devoting
increasing resources to study the DRD alternative.
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Jan Blomstrand, Hamid Sadeghi, Per Persson, Ferenc
Mûller, Henryk Anglart, Krzysztof Karkoszka, Carl
Adamsson, Mattias Hemlin, Wiktor Frid, Stellan
Hedberg, Diana Caraghiaur, Björn Cronhiort

Department of Energy Technology
Division of Applied
Thermodynamics and
Refrigeration (ETT)
Chair: Associate professors Björn Palm and Per
Lundqvist
This division possesses a unique competence in the
field of heat pumps and refrigeration technology and
related areas. The research is vertically integrated
from systems to components, from fundamentals to
applications. The focal areas are thermodynamic
cycles for heat pumping, efficient heat transfer,
environmentally friendly working fluids, enhanced
energy efficiency and cooling of electronics.
Since 1999, Björn Palm and Per Lundqvist jointly lead
both research and educational activities. The former
are divided into four groups: Heat Transfer, Cooling
of Electronics, Systems and Cycles and Energy
Management. During the year 2003 the division had
about 20 Ph.D./research students.
The Heat Transfer group is mainly active in the area
of boiling and condensation, especially in different
types of compact heat exchangers and mini/microchannels.
Visualization is a tool frequently used for
gaining understanding of the complex two-phase
phenomena, supporting modeling and development
of correlations for heat transfer and pressure drop.
The Electronics Cooling group is concentrated on air
flow in complex geometries of electronic systems and
on design of two-phase thermosyphons. The Energy
Management group has initiated a study of distributed
technologies on the energy market with support from
the Swedish district heating association. The Systems
and Cycles group continued their previous work on
system design of single-family heat pumps and on
commercial refrigeration systems. A developing area
is heat/solar driven systems for air conditioning and
cooling.
During 2003 the research has been supported by
STEM, Formas, Naturvårdsverket, NFFP, EU and
IEA Heat Pump Center.
One new EU-project was started and two more are
under negotiation. A total of 40 refereed papers have
been published in journals or presented at
international conferences during the year.
During the year 2003
• Anders Johansson defended his PhD
degree on a thesis on the replacement or
refrigerant R22
• Sanjeeva Witharana defended his
licentiate degree on boilingin on porous
surfaces and of nano-fluids
• The division presented in total 40
refereed papers in journals and at
international conferences.
• The senior staff together reviewed about
30 articles submitted for publication in
international journals or at international
conferences.
• Björn Palm acted as opponent for one
PhD thesis in Finland.
• PhD Per Lundqvist was rewarded with
KTH Teaching Award for extraordinary
contributions to the undergraduate
education at KTH.
15

Department of Energy Technology
Project Descriptions
R410a Compression Refrigeration System and
Components Performance
Researcher : Arrie Tjahyo Setiawan
E-mail : arrie@energy.kth.se
Sponsor : STEM and SWEP International AB
General Description and Objectives : New part of the
eff-Sys Program. HFC refrigerant R410a (50/50
mixture of R32 and R125) has inherently high
pressure and heat capacity. Therefore a new test rig
has been developed utilising twin scroll compressors
and compact brazed exchangers (CBE) with
electronic valves for automatic flow regulation in
some chiller and heat pump running conditions.
Solar cooling/Solar-driven ejector refrigeration
system
Researcher: Wimolsiri Pridasawas
E-mail: wimol@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: KTH
General Description and Objectives: This project will
clarify the possibilities for solar cooling in various
climates (dry, wet, etc.) dependent on local
possibilities and conditions. This is achieved by
selecting the suitable technology from a sustainable
perspective including technical, environmental and
economical aspects. The study adapts a system
perspective including analysis of demand, local
conditions and possibilities and various technical
solutions rather than a specific technology (the
'technology looking for applications' syndrome). The
design of an ejector for a solar-driven ejector
refrigeration system is studied and a pilot solar-driven
ejector refrigeration system will be built and tested.
Energy use in a wooden multifamily house
Researcher: David Södergren och Peter Kjaerboe
E-mail: david.sodergren@sweco.se,
kjaerboe@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Energy Agency
General Description and Objectives: Low energy load
and energy efficient installations is discussed,
designed and tested in a student home with 72 It will
be build on KTH campusarea during 2004.
Evaluation of measures will be done during two years.
16
Goal is a load of less than 30 W/m 2 and 60
kWh/(m 2year)
Heat from solar radiation, consequences on a
ground heat pump system
Researcher:: Arne Moberg och Peter Kjaerboe
E-mail: kjaerboe@energy.kth.se
Sponsor:Swedish Energy Agency
General Description and Objectives: Consequences
when installing a heat pump system with heat from
ground is studied. Problems such as decreased
ventilation, because of elimination of furnace for
combustion, are discussed. Measures for a better
coefficient of performance are recommended such as
lowering working temperatures and using solar
radiation.
Fig 5. Rooftiles from glass can be an important part
of a thermal solar collector. Marginal cost can be low.
These are manufactured from Kosta art glass
company.
High Efficiency Cooling Systems for
Refrigerators and Freezers
Researcher: Erik Björk
E-mail: bjork@energy.kth.se
Sponsors: Electrolux AB and STEM
General Description and Objectives:
The scope of the project is the cooling system, and its
components, of domestic refrigerators, freezers and

Department of Energy Technology
combinations. The objective is to increase the overall
efficiency and hence lower the energy consumption.
The activities, for the overall project, have mainly
been focused on natural convection type evaporators.
Expected outputs are design criteria for this type of
evaporators
Low-temperature, heat-distribution systems
combined with domestic heat pumps
Researcher: Dimitra Sakellari, Per Lundqvist
E-mail: dimitra@energy.kth.se,
perlundq@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: The project
focuses on the influence of using low-temperature
heat distribution on the operation of a domestic heat
pump and vice versa. The possibility of utilizing
several regions of the condensing side for providing
different temperature levels (regarding hot-tap water,
heating water and ventilation air) is investigated. A
simulation model is applied in order to study the
operation, calculate the performance, detect and
analyze the results.
New machine for producing ice-slurry at -35°C
for a completely environmentally friendly
refrigeration process, ICE-COOL
Researchers: Cecilia Hägg, Åke Melinder, Per
Lundqvist
E-mail: cecilia@energy.kth.se, ake@energy.kth.se,
perlundq@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: European Comission
General Description and Objectives: The aim is to
develop a new refrigeration system, environmentally
friendly for low temperature application. The system
will be based on a machine able to produce ice slurry,
which is a two-phase fluid composed of a water
solution and with fine ice particles, at –35ºC. This
new machine will reduce the use of HFC by a factor
of 10 for a complete direct expansion installation.
Simulation and Modelling of Solar driven
Absorption Cooling System
Researcher: Nemariam, Teclemariam
Sponsor: SIDA
E-mail: nemariam@energy.kth.se
General Description and Objectives: The aim of this
project is to investigate and clarify how solar driven
cooling system works in various climates using
different weather data in daily or hourly variation, and
to find out optimum design with respect to cost,
performance and environmental impact. The
methodology chosen is to use co-solving technique
and model the entire system in a transient modeling
(TRNSYS) with an absorption refrigeration system
modeled quasi-static in EES (Engineering Equation
Solver).
Minimisation of the charge of natural refrigerant
in small capacity heat pumps/refrigeration
systems.
Researchers: Oxana Samoteeva, Primal Fernando,
Klas Andersson
Sponsor: STEM
E-mail: oxana@energy.kth.se, primal@energy.kth.se,
klas.a.engineering@telia.com
General Description and Objectives: The main goal
of the project is to develop the knowledge regarding
the design of the cooling system or heat pump with
the charge of natural refrigerant less than 150 grams
and cooling effect about 5 kW. Different forms of
models that would increase the understanding of the
important phenomena and of optimisation are
analysed. Both theoretical and experimental
investigations are performed.
Hydrogen in mobile and stationary devices- safe
and effective solutions
Researcher: Nabil Kassem
E-mail: nabil@energy.kth.se
Sponsor:: EU-Commission
General Description and Objectives: Hydrogen is a
clean source of energy for mobile and stationary
energy-consuming devices. The main problem is to
provide compact, safe, and cost-effective hydrogen
storage using Carbon Nano-Materials and nanostructured
metal hydrides meet today's requirements.
The objective is to conduct a life cycle approach to
assess the cost-effectiveness and the feasibility of such
materials as a safe media for hydrogen storage.
CO2 as refrigerant
Researcher: Samer Sawalha
17

Department of Energy Technology
E-mail: samer@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM (Swedish Energy Agency)
General description and objectives:
Carbon dioxide is a substance which may be used in
refrigeration equipment as a primary or secondary
refrigerant. Sweden is a forerunner in the use of this
fluid, with about 50 commercial installations. The
purpose of the project is to study safety issues of this
refrigerant in large-scale commercial applications as
well as to study the cycle efficiency of these types of
systems. Field tests on commercial plants are also
planned.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Microchannels,
HMTMC
Researcher: Claudi Martín Callizo
E-mail: claudi@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: European Commission
General Description and Objectives: The goal of the
present project is to develop new micro-thermal
design tools for use in the development of more
advanced, higher performance micro-thermal systems
and processes. In particular, the research objectives of
this project are to investigate two-phase heat transfer
and pressure drop in Microchannels together with its
underlying phenomena such as flow regimes and
transition, liquid film thickness under evaporation,
etc. by means of flow visualization techniques.
Hydrodynamic and Thermal investigation in
Compact Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger operating
as evaporator in Domestic Heat Pumps
Researcher: Joachim Claesson
E-mail: claesson@energy.kth.se
Sponsor:Energimyndigheten, SWEP International
AB, Thermia Värme AB
General Description and Objectives: The purpose of
the project is to obtain in-depth knowledge regarding
the phenomena occurring in a compact brazed plate
heat exchanger working as an evaporator in
refrigerating and heat pump applications. Numerous
parameters influence the performance of the
evaporator, such as geometric shape and the
operating physical parameters. A systematic
investigation of important parameters will be
conducted.
18
Heat Transfer in MicroChannels
Researcher: Wahib Owhaib
E-mail: suleiman@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Teknikvetenskapliga forskningsrådet (TFR)
General description and objectives: Recently, there is
worldwide interest in compact heat exchangers of the
microchannel type. In heat pump, air conditioning,
automotive, and electronics cooling industries,
microchannel heat exchangers have several
advantages (reduced physical size, higher efficiency
and lower fluid inventory), which can be beneficial for
both cost and safety. In this project, single phase and
two-phase flow phenomena in micro single tubes
(around 1mm in diameter) will be experimentally
investigated with special attention on heat transfer
coefficient, pressure drop, the flow patterns, critical
heat flux, and liquid film thickness.
A light cooling machine for UAV:s
Researcher: Per Lundqvist, Jan-Erik Nowacki
E-mail: Nowacki@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: NFFP
General Description and Objectives: The objective is
to cool the electronics of a future UAV (Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle) from SAAB. A cooling machine with a
minimal weight is being developed.
Airflow and Heat transfer in Radio Base Stations
and Power Supply Cabinets
Researcher: Raúl Antón, Hans Jonsson
E-mail: raul@energy.kth.se, hansj@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: KK-Stiftelsen, Ericsson Radio Systems,
Nokia Networks, Emerson Energy Systems,
Högskolan i Gävle and Fundación Antonio
Aranzabal.
General Description and Objectives: This project is a
joint research program between industry, University
of Gävle and KTH. The objective is to study the fluid
flow and heat transfer within Radio Base Stations and
Power Supply Cabinets cooled by forced air
convection. The goal of the project is to develop
design tools for accurate and rapid estimation of heat
transfer and pressure drop in the systems. In order to
develop the design tools, detailed information will be
acquired using CFD simulations with experimental
validation.

Department of Energy Technology
Solar cooling - solar-driven ejector refrigeration
system
Researchers: Per Lundqvist, Wimolsiri Pridasawas
E-mail:perlundq@energy.kth.se
Sponsor:
General Description and Objective: This project will
clarify the possibilities for solar cooling in various
climates (dry, wet, etc.) dependent on local
possibilities and conditions. This is achieved by
selecting the suitable technology from a sustainable
perspective including technical, environmental and
Economical aspects. The study adapts a system
perspective including analysis of demand, local
conditions and possibilities and various technical
solutions rather than a specific technology (the
'technology looking for applications' syndrome).
The design of an ejector for a solar-driven ejector
refrigeration system is studied and a pilot solar-driven
ejector refrigeration system will be built and tested
Fig. 6. Mini-Channel Aluminium heat exchanger
Cooling of Electronic by Two-Phase Thermosyphon
Researcher: Rahmatollah Khodabandeh
E-mail: rahmat@energy.kth.se
General Description and Objectives
In an earlier project it has been demonstrated that up to
190W can be dissipated from a 1 cm² surface by two
phase thermosyphons with temperature differences of
about 15°C between the evaporator and the condenser.
In the present project, which started at the beginning of
1998, thermosyphons of different geometry will be
analyzed for applications defined by the industrial
partners.
19

Department of Energy Technology
20
Peter Hill, Tony Sjöberg, Joachim Claesson, Claudi Martin, Jan-Erik Nowacki, Raul Anton, Erik Björk, Benny
Sjöberg, Samer Sawalha, Fredrik Lagergren, Bo Johansson, Primal Fernando, Sanjeeva Witharana, Teclemariam
Nemariam, Eva Johansson, Cecilia Hägg, Hans Jonsson, Wimolsiri Pridasawas, Martin Forsén, Rahmatollah
Khodabandeh, Jaime Arias, Anders Johansson, Inga Du Rietz, Björn Palm, Carina Carlsson, Oxana Samoteeva,
Dimitra Sakellari, Per Lundqvist, Nabil Kassem
Not in picture: Åke Melinder, Wahib Owahib, Anita Elksne. Paul Westin

Department of Energy Technology
Nuclear Power Safety (EKS)
Chair: Prof. Bal Raj Sehgal
The research program is directed towards resolution
of the safety issues that are important to the Swedish
nuclear power plants. In particular, experimental and
analytical research is performed for the physical
phenomena inherent in the scheme adopted in
Sweden for management of the severe accidents.
Additionally, research is performed on the safety of
Eastern reactors with particular emphasis on the
Ignalina plant in Lithuania and on reactor waste
transmutation. The Division has developed extensive
experimental facilities and analytical capabilities. The
Division employs several post-doctors and Ph.D.
students.
A multi-year program of experimental and analytical
investigations on Melt-Structure-Water interactions
during a hypothetical core meltdown accident was
continued. Three EU research projects on severe
accident phenomenology research and nuclear waste
technology research, were successfully concluded in
year 2003. Two projects will continue in year 2004.
The evaluation of the safety of the Ignalina nuclear
power plant continued. We have also developed a
course in “Two Phase Thermal Hydraulics”.
We will continue with the research on severe accident
phenomenology of nuclear power plants. However,
we have diversified into the thermal hydraulics and
safety of the accelerator driven systems for reactor
waste transmutation and onto experiments in high
energy thermal hydraulics for which we will be
seeking new projects, e.g. (i) depressurization loads on
BWR internals, (ii) direct contact condensation
induced loads on BWR condensation pools. We will
also diversify into the scientific areas of fundamental
heat transfer, two-phase flow and nano technology
and their applications in power equipment and safety.
21
During the year 2003
• Prof. Sehgal was elected as a foreign
member of the Royal Swedish Academy
of Engineering Sciences (IVA)
• Prof. Sehgal received the Glenn T.
Seaborg Medal of the American Nuclear
Society for outstanding contributions to
Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Safety,
Physics and Engineering and for
publication of more than 300 peer reviewed
papers and reports.
• Prof. Sehgal was elected as a
member of the Board of the European
Nuclear Education Network (ENEN).
• Prof. Sehgal was invited to deliver
a Keynote lecture in the Nuclear Reactor
thermal Hydraulics conference held in
Korea.
• The NPS division presented in total
32 refereed papers in journals and at
international conferences.
Project Descriptions
Experiments on Melt-Structure-Water
Interaction During a Severe Accident (MSWI)
Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsors: SKI, USNRC, TVO and Swedish Power
companies
General Description and Objectives: The objectives
on this relatively large scale, multi year research
program are to obtain data on, and develop models
for, the melt-structure-water interactions that occur
during the progression of a severe accident, after a
core melt has occurred, in a light water reactor.
Preliminary Design Studies of an eXperimental
Accelerator Driven System (PDS-XADS)
Researchers: B.R. Sehgal et.al.
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsor: European Commission, SKI and SKB

Department of Energy Technology
General Description and Objectives: Safety of the design of
lead-bismuth and gas cooled ADS for waste
management. The project aims to select the most
promising technical concepts to address the critical
points of the system, to identify the research and
development (R&D) in support and to define the
safety and licensing issues of ADS. EKS’ s part is
focused on identification of main safety issues,
perform an integrated safety analysis of both ADS
concepts, perform research on phenomenology, and
develop a validated methodology for safety analysis.
European Nuclear Engineering Network (ENEN)
Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsor: European Union
General Description and Objectives: the purpose of this
project is to develop a network of educators in
Europe, in order to promote graduate and
undergraduate education in Nuclear Engineering.
Experiments on Melt-Structure-Water
Interaction During a Severe Accident (MSWI)
Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsor: Swiss Nuclear Inspectorate (HSK)
General Description and Objectives: This project has the
same objective and work scope as the project with the
same name above, except that some additional
phenomena in severe accidents are being
investigated.
Ignalina Core Thermal-Hydraulics and
Neutronics Analysis
Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish International Projects (SiP)
General Description and Objectives: The objects are (1) to
develop accurate methods for the safety, thermal
hydraulic and neutronic analyses of the Ignalina
nuclear power plant and (2) to co-ordinate the work
with that of the plant, the Lithuanian Energy Institute
(LEI), GRS (Germany) and other institutions
22
supporting LEI and VATESI, the Lithuanian Nuclear
Regulatory Authority.
Ex-Vessel Core Melt Stabilization Research
(ECOSTAR)
Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsor: European Commission
General Description and Objectives: To complete the
understanding of the complex phenomena of the
corium release, and interaction with, the containment.
The phenomena investigated are melt-spreading,
MCCI and models for these processes in the longterm
stabilization by cooling the melt-pool with a
water overlayer
Technologies, Materials and Thermal-
Hydraulics for Lead Alloys (TECLA)
Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al
E-mail: sehgal@ne.kth.se
Sponsor: European Commission
General Description and Objectives: The objective is to
assess the use of lead alloys both as the spallation
target and the coolant of an accelerator driven system
(ADS). The field of investigation at KTH will be the
thermal hydraulics of pump-driven and naturalcirculation
lead-bismuth systems and oxygen control.

Department of Energy Technology
Arun Kumar Nayak, José Galdo, Weimin Ma, Aram Karboijan, Gunnar Alin, Hyun Sun Park, Kajsa Bergman,
Andrei Kubarev, Bal Raj Sehgal, Sean Roshan, Roberta Concilio Hansson, Maxym Rychkov, Armen Stepanyan
Not in picture: Dereje Shiferaw, Rao Srinivasa Ravva
23

Department of Energy Technology
Division of Heat and Power
Technology (EKV)
Chair: Prof. Torsten Fransson
The Division of Heat and Power Technology has a
long tradition in education and research in the field of
conversion of chemically bound energy to heat and
power. The education covers all branches of such
energy conversion (except for nuclear energy) as well
as propulsion, whereas the research is presently
somewhat more directed towards gasturbines, one of
the most important prime movers in the future.
Research is performed both for stationary and
transportation applications. This research spans a
broad field from overall system studies down to
specific components within energy conversion
machines, and ranges from fundamental to applied
investigations at small and large scale.
The division has four focus groups, each on actively
overlapping and interacting with the others:
• Heat and power cycles
• Catalytic combustion of biomass fuels
• Steady/unsteady flow and aeroelasticity
• Computerized interactive education of the
undergraduate and post-graduate curriculum.
During 2003 all the research projects progressed
significantly, and several interesting results were
obtained. Some significant new test facilities were put
into operation and interesting first results obtained. A
number of graduate students published results at
international conferences. Two students completed
their Tek Lic degree. The Division had at the end of
2003 7 researchers with PhD degree, 3 senior
researchers with Tek Lic and 2 junior researchers with
a Tek Lic degree. In total, the researchers and
lecturers in the Division supervised 13 Msc and civil
engineer degrees during 2003.
The research in the Heat and Power Cycles group is
mainly directed towards the use of biomass and
mixtures of biomass and fossil fuels for more
efficient, cost-effective and environmental friendly
24
heat and power production. The Combustion group is
directed towards reducing emissions in the
combustion process. The Steady/Unsteady Flow and
Aeroelasticity goup is mainly directed towards
turbomachinery blade flow and heat transfer effects,
as well as flutter and forced response problems. The
Computerized Interactive Education group studies
how modern interactive tools can enhance learning of
basic and applied physical phenomena in the field of
heat and power technology.
The division looks towards a bright future. The
significant research efforts that were initialized from
1992 onwards have started to produce positive results.
Several graduate students have had the possibility to
work on these projects and will obtain Ph.D. degrees
within the next few years. The division is presently an
active participant in five EU-projects and several
projects sponsored by the Swedish National Energy
Administration, among others. Energy conversion will
continue to be an important factor in future
sustainable worldwide development. Modern
information technology will become an even more
integrated part of Heat and Power Technology. There
will be large opportunities for newly graduated
engineers and researchers to find highly interesting
work in the field. The computerized educational
platform under development has become of interest
to both universities and various companies within the
field .
Under 2003 the Division of Heat and Power
Technology was granted 1 500 CPU hours per month
on various high performance computers at
PDC/KTH and NSC in competition with other
research projects in Sweden. These HPC hours were
granted by SNAC, the Swedish National Allocation
Committee.
The division organized several meetings and seminars
of different character for visitors from other
university and industries.

Department of Energy Technology
During the year 2003
• Prof. Fransson was initiator, CEO and
Member Board of Director of the “KTH
Energy Center” and was a session organizer
for European Turbomachinery conference.
• Researchers in the Division have performed
8 reviews for international scientific
journals
• A review for a research organisation in
Switzerland was performed by Prof.
Fransson
• Ivan Kazachkov Member in evaluation
committé for PhD thesis
• Prof. Fransson participated in the
evaluation process of two professor
recruitments in UK and Ireland and two
evaluation committees of PhD theses in
France.
• Prof. Fransson is a member of CIMAC
Council of the “Council International des
Machines a Combustion”
• The division presented 36 papers at
refereed conferences and Journals
• Prof. Fransson was invited as session
chairman at 10 th International Symposium
on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics
and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines
(ISUAAAT) symposium
• The ASME dedicated service award was
given to Prof. Fransson.
Project Descriptions
Web-Based, Interactive Laboratory Experiment
in Heat and Power Technology.
Researcher: Nalin Navarathna, Andrew Martin
E-mail: nalin@energy.kth.se, andrew@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: WGLN
General Description and Objectives: KTH, Hanover
University, and Stanford University are three research
teams in the field of Internet accessed laboratory
exercises and work together in the I-Labs Project. The
objective of this project is to further enhance the
flexibility of lab experiments by allowing for remote
control operation from nearly any location in the
world at a freely chosen time.
Increased Energy Utilisation of Biomass with
Process Integration Concept
Researcher: Marianne Salomón Popa
E-mail: marianne@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Nordisk Energiforskning (NEFP)
General Description and Objectives: The purpose of
this study is to analyze the possibility to increase the
energy efficiency and its feasibility considering the
possible increment of the total cost and the
investment needed. Therefore, the main goal is to
achieve financial and environmental savings by better
integration of the processes using a multi-product
scheme based on electricity, heat, bio fuels for motor
vehicles and hydrogen production.
Energy Aspects of Impulse Technology in
Papermaking
Researcher: Andrew Martin
E-mail: andrew@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute
(STFI)
General Description and Objectives: Impulse
technology is a novel papermaking unit operation
with tremendous potential for enhanced drying rates,
product improvement, and energy savings. Research
includes the evaluation of fundamental laboratoryscale
experiments, along with assimilation of impulse
unit data from pilot paper machine trials. Mill-scale
analyses have been performed in collaboration with
VTT Processes in Finland.
Remote-Controlled Laboratory Exercise for
Distant E-Learning in Heat and Power
Technology
Researcher: Nalin Navarathna
E-mail: nalin@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Wallenberg Global Learning Network
General Description and Objectives: In higher
education, new pedigogical tools are required to meet
the needs of an increasingly mobile society. The aim
25

Department of Energy Technology
of this project is to transform a traditional laboratory
exercise – flow losses in a linear cascade – into a fully
interactive facility that can be remotely operated via
the internet. This project is conducted in
collaboration with the University of Hanover and
Stanford University.
Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined
Cycles
Researcher: Miroslav P. Petrov
E-mail: miroslav@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: The project
investigates the thermodynamic performance of
hybrid dual-fuel combined cycles in various
configurations, with natural gas fired gas turbines or
piston engines as topping cycle and biomass or wastefired
steam or air turbine bottoming cycles. Higher
electrical efficiency fors the hybrid units is sought, as
compared to the efficiency of a sum of two
independent single-fuel units at the same fuel ratio
with scale effects accounted for.
Part load behavior and Partial admission in steam
Turbines with low inlet volumetric flow
Researcher: Jens Fridh
E-mail: jens@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: Investigation of
the loss mechanisms in steam turbines with low inlet
volumetric flow and partial admission by means of
foremost experimental investigations conducted on
the KTH Test Turbine Facility. The objectives are to
generate design criteria that can be employed in future
turbine designs, and to strengthen the research in an
aera important to parts of the Swedish industry.
Generic studies on energy-related fluid-structure
interaction
Researcher: Davy Allegret-Bourdon, Olga
Chernysheva, Markus Jöcker
E-mail: davy@energy.kth.se, olga@energy.kth.se,
markus@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: This project is a
joint research program of 2 swedish universities with
26
support from two industrial partners. The objective is
to study the fluid-structure interaction phenomenon.
At KTH fundamental experiments on a flexible wall.
are continued. Numerical methods are developed and
validated on these experiments.
Aeroelastic Design of Turbine Blades II
(ADTurB II)
Researcher: Alexandros Kessar, Mikkel Myhre,
Markus Jöcker
E-mail: alex@energy.kth.se, mikkel@energy.kth.se,
markus@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: EC
General Description and Objectives: The unsteady
flow in turbomachines leads to aerodynamic blade
excitation forces, which can cause destructive blade
vibrations (HCF). The objective is to reduce risk and
occurrences of HCF incidents of high pressure
turbine blades in new gas turbine designs. The
experimental and numerical investigations focus on
”Low Engine Order Excitations” and ”Mistuning
Effects”.
Development of Innovative Techniques for
Compressor Aero-Mechanical Design (DITCAD)
Researcher: Markus Jöcker, Mikkel Myhre
E-mail: markus@energy.kth.se, mikkel@energy.kth.se
Sponsor:: EC
General Description and Objectives: The aim of this
project is to enhance the performance of industrial
gas turbines by introducing advanced axial
compressor design methodologies. The department
work focus on the improvement of the aeromechanical
design of highly loaded compressor
stages. Unsteady CFD computations are performed
and coupled to structure dynamics models.
Computerized Education in Heat and Power
Technology
Researchers: Torsten Fransson, Ivan Kazachkov,
Yacine Abbes, Vitali Fedulov, Marianne Salomón
Popa
E-mail: fransson@energy.kth.se, ivan@energy.kth.se,
yacine@energy.kth.se, vitali@energy.kth.se,
marianne@energy.kth.se

Department of Energy Technology
Sponsor: National Agency for Higher Education and
various industries
General description and objectives: The project
consists on the development of an e-learning tool in
heat and power technology. This platform collects the
theory for courses in the form of overhead pages
together with simulations, videos, animations,
calculation exercises, quizzes and lecture notes. The
long-term goal of the learning platform is that users
worldwide will have the possibility to access the best
teaching material available from any specialist suitable
for university and a post-university level.
Efficient steam turbines for small-scale energy
conversion plants
Researcher: Jens Fridh
E-mail: jens@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: The overall
objectives of the project are to investigate and put
forward the possibilities of an efficiency enhancement
for small-scale steam turbines, within economically
reasonable boundaries. Where studies on losses
induced through partial admission is of special
interest. The work is mainly aimed towards
aerodynamic design/performance calculations with
experimental tests for comparison and verification.
Unsteady transitional flows in axial
turbomachines - UTAT
Researcher: Jiasen Hu
E-mail: huj@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: European Commission
General Description and Objectives: This project is a
EU project performed by 16 partners from 8
European countries. The overall objective is to
enhance our physical understanding of unsteady
transitional flows in axial turbomachines and to
improve transition-modeling methods for industrial
design work.
Compressible flow with shock, turbulence,
transition and unsteadiness
Researcher: Olivier Bron, Jiasen Hu, Alexandros
Kessar
E-mail: bron@energy.kth.se, huj@energy.kth.se,
alex@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: The objective of
this project is to get a better understanding of
unsteady compressible duct flows with shock wave,
separation and laminar-turbulent transition. In order
to focus the analysis on essential features, the study is
being carried out on simple but generic geometries
like 2D and 3D convergent-divergent nozzles. Both
experimental and numerical investigations are
performed.
3-Dimensional Aerodynamics and Film Cooling
in a Sector of an Annular Cascade
Researcher: Julien Roux
E-mail: julienr@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Gas Turbine Center (Alstom Power
Sewden, Volvo Aero, STEM)
General Description and Objectives: This project is a
part of the joint research program “Turbine Cooling
Performance”. The objective is to have additional 3D
information about the film cooling. High thermal
efficiency is dependant upon high turbine entry
temperature, which is limited by the turbine blade and
nozzle guide vane materials. Film cooling is a very
efficient scheme in protecting the blade surface. At
the Royal Institute of Technology, an annular sector
test facility to investigate the steady-state cooling
effects has recently been put into service. Both
experimental and numerical investigations will be
performed.
GTC/AeroElast
Researcher: Damian Vogt
E-mail: damian@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: GTC
General Description and Objectives
The continuous trend in turbomachinery to design
lighter and more cost-effective turbomachines has
rendered the problems related to aeroelastic
phenomena more and more exacerbated. These
phenomena can be divided by their nature into flutter
(self-excited vibrations) and forced response
(vibrations resulting from an external excitation).
27

Department of Energy Technology
The study addresses the fluid-based coupling of the
blades in a low pressure turbine during flutter, also
referred to as aerodynamic coupling and is carried out
as a joint project within the Swedish Gas Turbine
Center (GTC) between Siemens Industrial Turbines
Sweden (formerly ALSTOM Power Sweden), Volvo
Aero and KTH. The aim has been set up to
experimentally obtain time-dependent pressures of
three-dimensional features on a vibrating turbine
blade at realistic Mach, Reynolds and Strouhal
numbers. The experimental data shall help the basic
understanding of propagation of time-dependent
perturbations in a three-dimensional flow, and shall
also serve as a database for the validation of timedependent
aerodynamic design tools.
Fig. 7. Mach number downstream of the cascade
During the last year a newly built test facility has been
taken into service. The facility includes a sector
cascade of low pressure turbine blades and is operated
in non-rotating mode. Figure 1 shows the Mach
number distribution downstream of the cascade over
the center passages and gives an impression of the
prevalent 3D flow structures as well as excellent flow
periodicity.
One blade in the cascade can be made oscillating in
controlled modes such as to achieve generic state of
flutter whilst the pressure is measured time-resolved
on the oscillating as well as the non-oscillating
28
neighbor blades. First flutter tests have successfully
been performed.
DAIGTS
Researcher: Damian Vogt
E-mail: damian@energy.kth.se
Sponsors: The study is part of a joint European
project between ALSTOM Power UK, ALSTOM
Power Sweden, Nuovo Pignone, KTH Sweden and
Universita degli Studi di Firenze.
General Description and Objectives:
The study is part of a joint European project between
Demag Delaval Industrial Turbines UK (formerly
ALSTOM Power UK), Siemens Industrial Turbines
Sweden (formerly ALSTOM Power Sweden), Nuovo
Pignone, KTH Sweden and Universita degli Studi di
Firenze. The work put forward in this project
addresses the issues involved with the design and
application of high efficiency turbine blading for
future generation of industrial gas turbines. The
project has for this been split into the following three
main workpackages: advanced aerodynamic analysis
of industrial gas turbine stages; characteristics of
industrial gas turbine stages at off-design conditions;
predictable aero-mechanical behavior. The
involvement of KTH is located in the latter of the
three workpackages and includes experimental
investigations on an oscillating turbine blade as well as
numerical simulations and further development of
numerical tools.
Fig. 8. Test facility employed for testing; test section
and blade actuator shown on right-hand side

Department of Energy Technology
The experimental investigations have been carried out
in a new cascade test facility at the Department
featuring controlled blade oscillation such as to
achieve simulated state of flutter, see figure 1. One
blade in the cascade was made oscillating whilst the
unsteady loading was measured on the non-oscillating
neighbour blades. The data has been recombined to
results of interest under assumption of linear
superposability. During the last year a series of steadystate
and flutter tests have been performed at design
and off-design conditions for model validation. The
numerical model employed used an unsteady 2D
linearized approach for flutter simulations.
Comparisons to test data have shown good overall
agreement and led to deepened understanding of the
underlying physical mechanisms.
Collaboration in implementation of the
interactive teaching-learning platform in
educational process at the Royal Institute of
Technology (KTH) and Kyiv T. Shevchenko
National University (KNU)
Researcher: Ivan Kazachkov
E-mail: ivan@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Swedish Institute
General Description and Objectives: This project is a
joint research program to be performed by KTH and
KNU. The objective is to study, implement and
perform further development of CompEdu A few
new chapters and pdf files were developed and are
going to be included in CompEdu, e.g. chapters on
rheology of complex fluids and on blood flows in
capillaries. The draft of book on rheology of complex
fluid and blood flow in capillaries includes some
chapters on fluid-structure interaction and influence
of electromagnetic field on rheology of flow.
Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Biomass in Gas
turbines
Researcher: Reza Fakhrai
E-mail: reza@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: This project is a
joint research program between the Division of Heat
and Power Technology and Chemical Technology.
The aim is to develop a catalytic combustion system
that is capable of oxidizing a low heating value fuel
gas derived from biomass gasification for gas turbine
applications. Low emission levels for NOx, CO and
HC are to achieved to meet today’s stringent emission
regulation Palladium and manganese substituted
hexaaluminates based catalysts have been developed
and tested under atmospheric and press urized
conditions in a 500 k W fuel test facility.
Cyclone Gasification of pulverized biomass for
operation of gas turbines in cogeneration plants
Researcher: Jan Fredriksson
E-mail: jan@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: EU Contract JOR3 CT98 0281
General Description and Objectives: To promote
renewable energy sources, new technology is being
developed to supply classical power plant with these
sources. Gasified biomass, as renewable fuel, is safe in
relation to the green house effect, with compensating
the CO2 emissions, by forest needs. A modified
combustion chamber gas is to be designed in order to
adapt the gas turbine for the low heating value (LHV)
gas. A new design based on the existing combustion
chamber and a specific inlet for the LVH gas has been
created.
Gasification of biomass in an open-top downdraft
gasifier.
Researcher: Catharina Erlich
E-mail: erlich@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: Sida
General Description and Objectives: Downdraft
gasification technique is applicable in developing
countries to power villages via IC-engines running on
gasified biomass. This project aims in studying the
downdraft gasification technology numerically by
analyzing different parameters affecting the gas
composition and gasifier efficiency, such as fuel size,
primary and secondary air. Different fuels will also be
tested experimentally, for example bagasse pellets.
Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined
Cycles
Researcher: Miroslav P. Petrov
E-mail: miroslav@energy.kth.se
29

Department of Energy Technology
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: The project
investigates the thermodynamic performance of
hybrid dual-fuel combined cycles in various
configurations, with natural gas fired gas turbines or
piston engines as topping cycle and biomass or wastefired
steam or air turbine bottoming cycles. Higher
electrical efficiency fors the hybrid units is sought, as
compared to the efficiency of a sum of two
independent single-fuel units at the same fuel ratio
with scale effects accounted for.
Numerical Study of Aeroelastic Aspects in
Turbomachines
Researcher: Moosa Muhammad, Torsten Fransson
E-mail: moosa@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: GTC
General Description and Objectives: The present
study is directed towards improving the knowledge
related to aeroelastic effects in axial flow
turbomachines. Numerical investigations of selfexcited
vibrations will be performed on both turbine
and compressor bladings. State-of-the-art
computational techniques will be used for the
investigation. The unsteady aerodynamic aspects shall
be investigated in detail.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of
Design Parameters Defining Nozzle Guide Vane
Endwall Heat Transfer
Researcher: Frank Rubensdörffer
E-mail: frank.rubensdorffer@power.alstom.com
Sponsor: Swedish Gas Turbine Center (ALSTOM
Power Sweden, Volvo Aero, STEM)
General Description and Objectives: Modern
industrial gas turbines with low NOX burners have a
high turbine inlet temperature combined with a flat
temperature profile. This means that the nozzle guide
vane endwall heat load for an industrial gas turbine is
much higher compared to a jet engine. Experimental
investigations in a test rig as well as numerical 3D
CFD calculations of the flow field and the endwall
heat transfer in a nozzle guide vane will be performed.
The objective of the work is to evaluate the influence
of the major design parameters on the heat transfer of
the nozzle guide vane endwall.
30
Aeroelastic Design of Turbine Blades II,
ADTurB II
Researcher: Alexandros Kessar
E-mail: alex@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: EU
General Description and Objectives: ADTurBII is a
4-year project to generate experimental data for
validation of design and analysis tools that are used to
predict amplitude of vibration in bladed disk
assemblies. Investigations centre on a few key subjects
by performing a set of good quality experiments
examining fundamental behaviour or simulating
engine conditions. The focus is on turbine blades but
many fundamental aspects will be generic to both
compressor & turbine. Because the experiments
required rely on characteristics of the whole annulus
or rotor they are very costly to perform and can only
really be affordable within a European collaborative
programme such as this.

Department of Energy Technology
Miroslav Petrov, Vitalij Fedulov, Markus Jöcker, Catharina Erlich, Reza Fakhrai, Olga Chernycheva, Per Almqvist,’
Bernt Jansson, Mikkel Myhre, Sergey Barekyan, Stellan Hedberg, Rolf Bornhed, Anders Nordstrand, Jens Fridh,
Birute Bunkute, Jan-Inge Ringström, Ivan Kazachkov, Davy Allegret-Bourdon, Nalin Navarathna, Damian Vogt,
Yacine Abbes, Moosa Muhammed, Ann Brånth, Julien Roux, Maurice Heine, Torsten Fransson, Martin
Martirosyaw, Alessandro Cerioli, Christer Blomqvist, Liu Chuanfeng
Not in picture: Marianne Salomon Popa, Jiasen Hu, Alexandros Kessar, Arturo Manrique Carrera, Olivier Bron, Jan
Fredriksson, Jeevan Jayasuriya
31

Department of Energy Technology
Research group Sustainable
Building Systems (EBS)
Head of the group: Assistant Professor
Ivo Martinac
The research group Sustainable Building Systems is
currently focusing its work on the following research
areas:
- Energy efficiency and conservation in
buildings
- Utilization of Renewable energy
(systems) in the built environment
- Bioclimatic buildings (design and
performance)
Project Descriptions
Energy-Efficiency and Conservation in Hotels
Researcher: Paulina Bohdanowicz, Branko Simanic
E-mail: paulinka@energy.kth.se,
simanic@energy.kth.se
Sponsor: STEM
General Description and Objectives: The purpose of
this project is to obtain a thorough understanding
(including an up-to-date statistical database) of the
energy utilization in the hotel industry (in Sweden and
internationally), and to develop strategies for
promoting the application of sustainable technologies
and services/practices (behaviour) in this sector.
Special attention will be given to maximizing the
energy-efficiency of heating, ventilation, airconditioning
and lighting systems. Emphasis will also
be given to developing, promoting and implementing
suitable strategies of energy conservation, as well as
promoting the use of suitable renewable energy
systems. The project also aims at investigating the
suitability for hotels of different types of distributed
generation systems.
Analysis of Sustainable HVAC Systems in
Tourism Accommodation Facilities on
Mediterranean Coast
Researcher: Vlasta Zanki Alujević
E-mail: vlasta@energy.kth.se; vlasta.zanki@fsb.hr
Sponsor: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and
Naval Architecture,
University of Zagreb, IMEK
32
General Description and Objectives: The project
deals with sustainable
approach, design and analysis of centralized energy
systems for cold and hot water production in tourism
accommodation facilities. The possibility of utilizing
Adriatic sea water, temperature of 15 oC, as a cold
source is investigated. Second, solar absorption
cooling system uses solar energy form the solar panels
as heat source, and seawater as heat sink. In winter
time solar energy from solar panels system is used for
heating. Both systems are designed as high
temperature cooling and low temperature heating.
These two systems utilizing renewable energy sources
are compared with conventional vapour compression
system from efficiency, economy and environmental
point of view. Systems will be designed according to
typical load that will be conducted after analysis of
questionnaire in croatian coastal hotels.
Ivo Martinac, Peter Kjaerboe, Paulina Bohdanowicz,
Vlasta Zanki
Not in the picture: Branko Simanic, Thomas Persson

Department of Energy Technology
eff-Sys – Efficient Refrigeration
and Heat Pump Systems
The Division of Applied Thermodynamics and
Refrigeration is the host of the program secretariat of
the Swedish national research program called eff-Sys -
“Efficient refrigeration and heat pump systems”. eff-
Sys was launched by the Swedish Energy Agency,
(STEM), the 1st of March, 2001. The program will
run to March 2004. eff-Sys was started as a direct
prolongation of the earlier program Climate 21 (C21),
which was closed the 28th of February, 2001. The
new program will have a stronger focus on complete
systems. eff-Sys is a collaboration between four
universities and several partners from the Swedish
refrigeration and heat pump industry. eff-Sys
stimulates the development of state of the art
technology for heat pumps and refrigerating systems
that utilize energy very efficiently and are
commercially and environmentally viable. The
program’s objective is to strengthen Swedish industry
on a long-term basis through co-operation between
universities and the industry, which leads to mutual
exchange and transfer of knowledge.
The program budget is estimated at 54 million SEK,
of which maximum 50 % is financed by STEM but
each project is financed by maximum 40 % by STEM
and the remaining by the industry partners.
During the whole period there have been totally 18
ongoing projects in the program. Nine projects were
started during Climate 21 and one of them was closed
at the end of the year 2002. The eight others from
Climate 21 are carried on by Ph.D. students and
PhD’s and will be finished in the beginning of year
2004. Four smaller projects were started during 2002
and another five have been initiated during the year
2003. The nine most extensive projects in the
program are/were:
Optimisation of low temperature driven absorption
chiller, KTH, was started during C21, finished at the
end of 2002.
The energy-efficient supermarket – a comprehensive
view of energy use, economy and environmental
consequences, KTH, was started during C21, is
ongoing.
The energy-efficient display cabinet, SP/CTH, was
started during C21, is ongoing.
The energy-efficient cooling coils of the display
cabinet, SP/CTH/LTH, was started during C21, is
ongoing. Integrated control of refrigeration and heat
pump systems, SP/CTH, was started during C21,
finished at the end of 2002.
Simulation of heat pump systems behaviour, KTH,
was started during C21, is ongoing.
Efficient plate heat exchangers as evaporators in heat
pump systems, KTH, was started during C21, is
ongoing.
Lubrication of bearings in refrigerating machines,
LTU, was started during C21, is ongoing.
High efficiency cooling systems for refrigerators and
freezers, KTH, was started during C21, is ongoing.
The second eff-Sys day was held in January 2003, an
open workshop, where the project participants
gathered to exchange and spread information inside
and outside the program. eff-Sys will be ended with
another open workshop in March 2004, where the
results of the projects will be presented and the future
needs of research and development will be discussed
for each area.
More information about eff-Sys and its participating
projects is available on the website http://www.effsys.org
Carina Carlsson
Program Secretary, eff-Sys
email: eff-sys@egi.kth.se
33

Department of Energy Technology
CETET – The Center for Energy
Conversion Technologies
Energy research and education have held
prominent roles at KTH – indeed, a survey
conducted one year ago showed that roughly
1/3 of all departments have some type of
involvement in the energy field, with an annual
turnover of around 200 MSEK. CETET was
established in order to coordinate activities with
groups located at the Departments of Building
Sciences, Chemical Engineering & Technology,
Electrical Engineering, Energy Technology, and
Materials Science & Engineering. During 2003
CETET expanded with the inclusion of a
research group at the Department of Industrial
Management. CETET currently is composed of
around 150 professors, senior researchers, and
PhD students.
CETET’s activities for 2003 included the annual
KTH Energy Day and 100-year anniversary of
Elling’s gas turbine, which was held in conjunction
with SMR (Swedish Society of Mechanical Engineers).
These events were reported in the journal Mekanisten.
CETET groups were also active in networking within
the EU FP6 research program for new projects.
More information can be found via CETET’s
homepage, www.energy.kth.se/cetet.
Andrew Martin
Technical Secretary
34
Swedish Gas Turbine Center
(GTC)
The Division of Heat and Power Technology is the
host of the Swedish Gas Turbine Center at KTH. The
combined University/industry center is
administratively located at Chalmers Institute of
Technology and is an equal collaboration between
CTH, KTH and LTH. The industrial partners are
Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery AB
Sweden and Volvo Aero. Funding for projects is
equally split between these companies and the
Swedish Energy Administration.
The researches performed at KTH insides the Gas
Turbine Center is concentrated on aerodynamics and
unsteady flow through turbine blade rows. The
project “Experimental Investigation of the 3D Steady
Flow with and without Film Cooling in a Sector of an
Annular Cascade” has continued. Two projects on
aeroelasticity “Aerodynamic Influence Coefficients on
an Oscillating. Turbine Blade in three-dimensional
Flow” and “Numerical Studies of AeroElastic Aspects
in Turbomachines” have made significant progress.
All three projects are of significant interest for the
future design of more fuel efficient and reliable gas
turbines.
Torsten Fransson

Department of Energy Technology
Experimental Equipment
The Heat and Power Technology laboratory hall is
used both for research and undergraduate teaching in
the form of laboratory exercises. These student
exercises cover areas like laminar and turbulent
combustion, compressor surge and flutter
experiments. An equipment for aerodynamic
measurements in a linear cascade can be used for
distant exercises, controlled by internet. A steam
boiler is designed for both education and research and
is connected to a steam turbine. Fired with oil the
steam boiler produces steam at a continuous rate of
4.4 t/h, at 400 °C and 35 bar.
Experimental research is done in the fields of
combustion and aerodynamics. Different test facilities
are available:
- Test rig for catalytic combustion of different
fuels at moderate pressure
- Annular sector cascade for cooled and un-
cooled nozzle guide vane measurements
- Annular sector cascade for flutter
experiments
- Test rig for combustion at high pressure
- Wind tunnel for supersonic experiments
- Axial flow air turbine for efficiency
optimisation.
The High Speed Pressure Measurement System
comprises 32 parallel channels with individual analog
signal treatment and 16-bit AD converters. It is
capable of sampling all 32 channels at a rate of
200kHz. The system is used in conjunction with
piezoelectric KULITE miniature pressure transducers
and thus featuring excellent frequency response.
In the Division of Nuclear Power Safety (EKS), the
construction of the Lead-Bismuth Test Loop
(TECLA), is already finished and is ready for the pretest
of the equipment for the final exploitation.
The test facility is 7 m high and 2 m wide. Currently,
there is no other loop like this in the World that can
provide data on Safety Transient Experiments, such
as Loss of Flow, Accelerator on-off and Natural
Circulation Stability. The Lead-Bismuth Loop
operates at prototypic plant conditions.
In each of the two laboratory halls, a concrete
containment is used to achieve the safety of the
personnel involved in carrying out the severe accident
experiments, where molten materials at high
temperature (1000 to 1500°C) and high pressure are
used.
In the main concrete containment, which is designed
and tested to hold up to 5 bar pressure, a series of
steam explosion experiments are taking place with a
special test facility.
The NPS laboratory is equipped with a high energy
X-ray system, high speed camera, 50 KW induction
furnace, lab view-DAS system, workshop and
equipment needed for construction and operation of
large scale experiments.
The laboratory at the Division of Applied
Thermodynamics and Refrigeration has four big
climate chambers with floor areas range from 10 to 23
m 2 and are built to satisfy different needs of testing.
In three of them there is a possibility to vary the
temperature from +40 to -40°C. The fourth chamber
is designed for low temperatures down to -60°C. One
of the Climate chambers has an interior wall that
divides the room into two, a cold and a warm side.
This makes the chamber ideal to test heat transfer
through different materials.
For smaller objects, which need to be tested in even
lower temperatures, there is a laboratory fridge with a
volume of 85 liters. The fridge is designed to reach
down to –85°C. The Division also has a Stirling
machine that produces liquid nitrogen.
Several of the new refrigerants that is designed to
replace the old CFC and HCFC are blends. To decide
the composition of those mixtures the division uses
gas chromatographic equipment specially designed for
detecting hydrocarbons.
For collecting and handling of test data we have
several types of data loggers to which different types
of sensors could be connected. Temperature,
Pressure, Mass flow, Electric Power, Humidity, etc.
35

Department of Energy Technology
The computer software used to communicate with
the logger is HP-vee. To make sure the quality of the
measurement is reliable all equipment is regularly
calibrated. We also have a computer controlled liquid
bath calibrator designed for thermocouples.
The laboratory of the Nuclear Technology division
has two main test facilities. Studies related to critical
heat flux in fuel assemblies are conducted in a loop
designed for operating pressures up to 25 MPa. The
test sections with heated length up to 7200 mm can
be studied, and the power is supplied from a direct
current generator. The maximum available current is
6000 amps and voltages ranging from 0 to 140 volts
can be supplied. Before entering the test section the
water passes a 150 kW pre-heater and a filter. After
the test section the steam-water mixture flows
through a condensor, and the water then enters a
circulation pump, which has a pressure head of 100
meters of water.
Another test facility is used for investigations of
pressure drop and flow structure of turbulent single-
and two-phase adiabatic air/water flows in real
geometries of both BWR and PWR fuel rod bundles.
At present, the experimental facility represents a
quarter of the Westinghouse Atom BWR SVEA 96
fuel assembly and contains 24 rods. Air can be
introduced to the lower plenum of the test section
through a bubble generator. The measurements are
carried out under adiabatic conditions with water flow
velocities of up to 7 m/s and water temperatures
between 20 °C and 80°C, resulting in maximum
Reynolds number of 200 000. There is a number of
pressure taps along the test section to allow
measurements of the differential pressure losses over
the spacers and along the sectors between spacers.
The pressure fluctuations between adjacent subchannels
can be measured at various axial locations
using specially designed rods. Laser Doppler
Velocimetry (LDV) will be used for velocity and
turbulence measurements.
36

Department of Energy Technology
Publications
Doctoral Theses
Anders Johansson
Phase-out of refrigerant 22
Trita REFR Report No 03/39, ISSN 1102-0245,
ISBN 91-7283-526-5
LicentiateTheses
Sanjeeva Witharana
Boiling of Refrigerants on Enhanced Surfaces and
Boiling of Nanofluids
Trita REFR Report No 03/37, ISSN 1102-0245
Paulina Bohdanowicz
A Study of Environmental Impacts, Environmental
Awareness and Pro-Ecological Initiatives in the Hotel
Industry Trita REFR Report no 03/40, ISSN 1102-
0245, ISBN 91-7283-617-2
Mikkel Myhre
Numerical Investigation of the Sensitivity
of Forced Response Characteristics of Bladed
Disks to Mistuning
Miroslav Petrov
Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid
Combined Cycles
Msc Theses
Afgani, Mohsen
Dellast prestanda för kompaktlödda plattvärmeväxlare
Agrell, Maria
Studie av progressiva inloppsstrypningars inverkan på
härdstabilitet
Barber, Carlos
Study of the Pumping Channel and the Leakage in the
Siegbahn Vacuum Pump
Bjurling, Gun
A Method to Find Enthalpy Change in Phase Change
Materials
Björkström, Mattias
Solar Humidifier for Greenhouse Applications
Caraghiaur, Diana
Biofuels Production – Literature study
Carabaza, Alberto Zomorano
Validation of a Fluid-Structure Interaction Test
Facility for Experimental Study
Cardona, Alonso M.
Sustainable Cogeneration at Paper Mill Plant,
Cortones Amèrica S.A.
Durgé, Helena
Studie av värmeväxlare med evaporativ kylning
Gehui Xu
Compact Heat Exchangers for Domestic
Refrigerators and Freezers – A Literature Survey of
Forced Convection Evaporator
Häggström Anna
Betydelsen av att tillgodoräkna icke säkerhetsklassade
systemfunktioner i
PSA
Jobaida Begum
Estimation of Performance and Suggestions for
Enhancement of Solar Home System
in Bangladesh
Johansson, Carina
Utvärdering av energiberäkningsprogram för
flerbostadshus
Jonsson, Mathias & Karlsson, Svante
Simulation and Analysis of a Micro Turbine and
Absorption Cooling Cogeneration System
Karlsson, Svante
Simulation and analysis of a microturbine and
absoption cooling Cogeneration System
Klefbohm Kristofer
Performance testing and analysis of a Fossil Steam
Turbine after retrofit
37

Department of Energy Technology
Krejci, Marko
Development of Mechanistic Dryout Model for the
BWR Fuel Bundles
Lenherr, Christian
Modelling of Aerodynamic Low Engine Order
Excitation in a High-Pressure Turbine Stage
Lilliestråle, Richard
Distribution av fjärrvärme i Lomma och Klippan
Lorentzon, Martin
Energetic and Economic Evaluation of Advanced
Gas Turbine Concepts
Mahon, Margaret
The U-value of a Thermosyphoning Air Panel
Mainali, Brijesh
A Study on Sustainable Energy Supply to Rural
People of Nepal: Energy for Poor
Marquez Arreaza, Timo
Energy Consumption Scenario in the Industry Sector:
Sector extension and analysis related to the VLEEM
model
Mustafi, Nirenda N.
Potential for the Independent Power Productions for
Rural Electrification for Rural
Electrification in Bangladesh
Natucka Dorota M
Energy in Polish Hotels – Sources, Needs,
Possibilities of Savings and Implementation of
Sustainable Energy Solutions
Nozadze, Shota
Perspectives of Geothermal Water Usage in Heat-
Cold Supply in Georgia
Petelot, Aude
Monitoring Interface and PV/Thermal Systems:
Examples of Improved Solar Energy Systems for
Buildings in France
Rudoph, Peter
Clean Room Technology – Factors Influencing Air
Cleanliness
38
Sanchez Bahillo, Alvaro
Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Guide Vanes in
a Sector of an Annular Cascade
Sandberg, Tom
Prospects of Integrated Hydrogen Production in
Power Generation
Simanic, Branko
Visualization of R134a Two-Phase Flow Inside a
Compact Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger
Stepanyan, Armen
Numerical Investigation of Single Phase Pressure
Drop and Turbulence Intensity in a BWR Fuel
Bundle
Tan, Lei
Thermal Modelling and Evaluation of Electrical
Heater Foils
Vosecký, Martin
A Novel Approach for Fuel-NOx Treatment in
Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Biomass for Gas
Turbine
Winder, Kelly
Factor 10 Energy Reduction Retrofit Investigation for
Canadian Residences
Wiwit Kastawans
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Measures for
Sustainable Energy Use in A Tropical Hotel in
Indonesia Case Study: Hotel Sol Melia Benoa, Bali-
Indonesia
Yao, Danfeng
Ammonia Heat Pump – Residential application
Zetterlund, Fredrik
Förbränningsförhållanden vid omblandning i
bränslebäddar på rörlig rost

Department of Energy Technology
Scientific Publications
Division of Nuclear Power Safety
Frigyes Reisch
“Sweden, Final Repository of Used Nuclear Fuel,
Public Involvement in the Location
Proccedings of the American Nuclear Society,
International High-Level Radioactive Waste
Management Conference
March 30 - April 3, 2003, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Frigyes Reisch
Grid Collapse in Sweden
Nuclear Engineering International
November 2003
Frigyes Reisch, Leif Svensson
Rapport från avfallsfronten
Nordiska Industriprojekt
NR 4: 2003
Frigyes Reisch, Dan Kristensson
Instrument and Control Systems (I&C) of interim
storage and final repository of nuclear fuel and waste
Presentation at the International Electrotechnical
Committee General Meeting October 2003, Montreal,
Canada
Sehgal, B.R., Theerthan, A., Giri, A. Karbojian A.
et al Nuclear Engineering and Design, Volume 221,
April 2003 pages 23-55; "Assessment of reactor vessel
integrity (ARVI)
Koszela Z.
Nuclear Engineering and Design, Volume 223, July
2003 pages 49-75; "Assessment of
RELAP5/MOD3.2.2 Gamma against ABB Atom
3x3-Rod Bundle Refloding Tests”.
Giri, A., Park, H. S., Hansson, R. C., and Sehgal, B. R.,
"Bubble Dynamics and Stability Analysis in Liquid-Vapor-
Liquid System,"
The 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal
Hydraulics (NURETH10), Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5~9, (2003).
Giri, A., Park, H. S., and Sehgal, B. R.,
"Analysis of Bubble Dynamics in Explosive Boiling of
Droplet with Fine Fragmentation,"
The European-Japanese Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Siena,
Italy, September 21~27, (2003).
Giri, A., Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., and Sehgal, B. R.,
"Bubble Dynamics and Stability Analysis in Liquid-Vapor-
Liquid System,"
The 41th Europian Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Hurtigruten,
Norway, May 12~14,(2003).
Gylys, J., Adomavicius, A., Belousov, A., Ognerubov,
V., Jasiulevicius, A.,
"The analysis of single control rod withdrawal accident case
at Ignalina NPP for RBMK-1500 reactor referent full power
state, employing coupled neutronics-thermohydraulics code
CORETRAN",
Proceedings of III International Conference on Industrial Heat
Engineering, Kiev, Ukraine, September 29 - October 4, 2003.
Jasiulevicius, A., Kubarev, A., Sehgal, B.R.,
"RBMK-1500 transient analysis with CORETRAN code".
Proceedings of NURETH-10 conference, Seoul, Korea, October 5-9,
2003.
Jasiulevicius, A., Sehgal, B.R.,
"COMECO experiments on molten pool coolability
enhancement in the BWR lower head with CRGTs".
Proceedings of NURETH-10 conference, Seoul, Korea, October 5-9,
2003.
Konovalikhin, M.J., Jasiulevicius, A., Sehgal, B.R.,
"Debris bed coolability in the BWR pressure vessel",
Proceedings of 6th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint
Conference, Kohala Coast, Havaii, USA, March 16-20, 2003.
Ma, W., Sehgal, B.R.
"Numerical investigation on the behavior of a droplet and
vapor film due to shock wave,"
Proc. of the 11th International Conference On Nuclear Engineering,
ICONE11-36303, Tokyo, JAPAN, April 20-23, 2003.
Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R.,
"Single Drop Melt Fragmentation Observed by High-Speed
X-ray Radiography and Photography,"
CD-Rom Proceeding of the 11th International Conference on Nuclear
Engineering (ICONE11), ICONE11-36327, Keio Plaza Inter-
Continental Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, April 20~23, (2003).
Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R.,
"Impulsive Shock Induced Single Drop Steam Explosion
Visualized by High-Speed X-ray Radiography and
Photography Metallic Melt,"
39

Department of Energy Technology
The 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal
Hydraulics (NURETH10), Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5~9, (2003).
Park, H. S., Hansson, R. C., Sehgal, B. R.,
"Fine Fragmentation Process observed by X-ray
Radiography,"
The European-Japanese Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Siena,
Italy, September 21~27, (2003).
Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R.,
"Visualization of Dynamic Fragmentation of Molten Liquid
Droplet in Liquid Coolant,"
The 2nd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics
and Thermodynamics (HEFAT-2003), Paper No. SB2, Victoria
Falls, Zambia, 23-26 June, (2003).
Park,H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R.,
"Continuous High-Speed X-ray Radiography to Visualize
Dynamic Fragmentation of Molten Liquid Droplet in Liquid
Coolant,"
CD-Rom Proceeding of the 4th Pacific Symposium on Flow
Visualization and Image Processing (PFSVIP4), PSFVIP4-4090,
Chamonix, France, June 3~5, (2003).
Park,H. S., Hansson, R. C., Sehgal, B. R.,
"Micro-interactions observed during Explosive Boiling in
Liquid-Vapor-Liquid System,"
The 41th European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Hurtigruten,
Norway, May 12~14,(2003).
Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W., Karbojian, A
"Thermal-hydraulic ADS Lead bismuth Loop (TALL) and
experiments on a heat exchanger,"
Proceedings of IAEA Technical meeting on theoretical and
experimental studies of heavy liquid metal thermal hydraulics,
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, October 28-31, 2003.
Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W., Karbojian, A
"Thermal-hydraulic ADS Lead-Bismuth Loop (TALL) and
test plan,"
the 3rd International Workshop on Materials for Hybrid Reactors
and Related Technologies, Rome, Italy, October 13-15, 2003.
Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W., Karbojian, A
"Lead-Bismuth Flow and Heat Transfer Performance in
Heat Exchangers,"
Technical Report for European Commission 5th Framework
Programme 1998-2002, TECLA: No FIKW-CT-2000-00092,
Deliverable D39, December 2003.
40
Sehgal, B. R., Park, H. S., Giri, A., Karbojian, A.,
Jasiulevicius, A., Hansson, R. C., Chikkanagoudar, U.,
Shiferaw, D., and Stepanyan, A.,
"Phenomenological Studies on Melt-Structure-Water
Interactions (MSWI) during Postulated Severe Accidents,"
SKI Report, 2003.
Sehgal, B. R., Park, H. S., Giri, A., Karbojian, A.,
Jasiulevicius, A., Hansson, R. C., Chikkanagoudar, U.,
Shiferaw, D., and Stepanyan, A.,
"Melt-Structure-Water Interactions During Postulated
Severe Accidents in LWRs,"
HSK Report, 2003.
Sehgal, B. R., Ma, W. M., Karbojian, A
"Thermal-hydraulic ADS lead-bismuth loop (TALL) and
test plan,"
IIIo International Workshop on Materials for Hybrid Reactors and
Related Technologies, October 13-15, 2003, Rome, Italy
Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W. Karbojian, A., "Thermal-hydraulic
ADS lead-bismuth loop (TALL) and experiment on a heat
exchanger,"
IAEA Technical Meeting on Theoretical and Experimental
Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics,
28-31 October 2003, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany
Sehgal, B.R., Konovalikhin, M.J., Jasiulevicius, A.
"Debris bed coolability in the BWR pressure vessel",
Proceedings of HEFAT2003, 2nd Conference on Heat Transfer,
Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, June
23-26, 2003.
Sehgal, B.R., Giri, A., Karbojian, A., Theertan, A.,
”Experiment on the lower head vessel failure under coupled
melt pool convection and creep",
Proceedings of HEFAT2003, 2nd Conference on Heat Transfer,
Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, June
23-26, 2003.
Sehgal, B.R., Giri, A., Karbojian, A., Theertan, A.,
"Effect of penetration on the lower head vessel failure under
coupled melt pool convection and creep",
Proceedings of SMIRT 17 Conference, Czech Republic, August 2003.
Sehgal, B. R.,
"Stabilization and termination of severe accidents in LWRs"
The 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal
Hydraulics (NURETH10), Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5-9, (2003).

Department of Energy Technology
Sehgal.B.R. et al
”Assessment of reactor vessel integrity (ARVI)”
Nuclear Engineering Design 221, pages 23-53 (2003)
Division of Heat and Power Technology
Allegret-Bourdon, D., Fransson, T. H.,
“Study of shock wave movement and unsteady
pressure on 2D generic model” Proceedings of the
10 th International Symposium on Unsteady
Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of
Turbomachines, Durham NC, USA, September 7-11,
2003.
Fransson, T.H., Vogt, D. M.
“A New Facility for Investigating Flutter in Axial
Flow Turbomachines” 8 th National High Cycle
Fatigue Conference, April 14-16, Monterey, California
Badinand, T., Fransson, T. H.
“Radiative Heat Transfer in Film-Cooled Liquid
Rocket Engine Nozzles”
Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Vol. 17
No. 1, pp 29-34, 2003
Lucisano, M. F. C., Petrini J. B., Martin, A. R.
“The Role of Evaporative Dewatering in Impulse
Pressing,’ TAPPI & PIMA Solutions , no. 2, pp 26-32,
2003
Almqvist, P.
“Gasturbiner I Sverige” Mekanisten, SMR, No 2, pp
26-27, 2003
Laumert, B.
“Abstract – CFD for Flutter in Gas Turbines”
Mekanistkonferensen,Chalmers Tekniska Högskola,
2003
Navarathna N., Fedulov V., Martin. A., Fransson
T.H.
"Design of a Remotely-Controlled Laboratory
Exercise in Aerodynamics" J. Mekanisten (Svenska
Mekanisters Riksforening), No. 2, p.58-59, 2003
Savola, T.; Salomón, M.; Fridh, J.
Efficient Technologies for Small-scale CHP Process
using Biofuels. EuroHeat and Power. English Edition
II/2003, pp 24-29. November 2003.
Fridh, J.E., Bennett, K., Martin, A..
”A teacher exchange with South Africa” Article in
’Mekanisten’, SMR, 2003:2, pp56-57, 2003
Kazachkov, I., Fransson, T., Salomon, M., Abbes,
Y., Kalion, V.
“Interactive Teaching-Learning in Turbomachinery”
The World Congress “Aviation in the XXI-st
Century” September 14-16, 2003, Kyiv, Ukraine
Jayasuriya, J., Ersson, A., Fredriksson, J.,
Fransson, T., Järås, S.
Poster: ”Experimental Investigation of High Pressure
Catalytic Combustion of Methane” 16 th Event of The
Italian Section of the Combustion Institute,
September 2003, Ischia, Italy
Allegret-Bourdon, D., Fransson, T. H.
”Study of Shock Movement and Unsteady Pressure
on 2D Generic Model'' ISUAAAT 2003 Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA, September 2003
Jayasuriya, J., Fredriksson, J., Fransson, T.,
Ersson, A., Järås, S.
Poster: ”High Pressure Catalytic Combustion of
Methane An Experimental Investigation of Pd Based
Catalysts under Modern Gas Turbine Operating
Conditions” EuropaCat VI, August 2003, Innsbruck,
Austria. Poster no:B3:115
Fransson, T., Bron, O., Allegret-Bourdon, D.
”Experimental and numerical study of non-linear
interactions in transonic nozzle flow” Minnowbrook
Workshop, Augusti 2003
Jayasuriya, J., Ersson, A., Fredriksson, J.,
Fransson, T., Järås, S.
”Catalytic Combustion Developments for Ultra Low
Emission Gas Turbine Combustion” 7 th International
Conference on Energy for Clean Environment, Clean
Air2003, July, Lissabon Portugal
Muhammad, M., Fransson, T.H.,
“Numerical investigation of unsteady flow field in
vibrating compressor cascade”
Presented at the GTC program conference,
LTH, Lund, November 19-20, 2003.
41

Department of Energy Technology
Salomón, M., Fransson, T. H., Savola, T.,
Fogelholm. C-J.
”Cogeneration and trigenaration i small-scale biomass
plants: State-of-the-art and advanced concepts ECOS
2003, June 30-July 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
Salomón, M., Fridh, J., Kessar, A., Fransson, T.
H.
”Gas Turbine Simulations in the Computerized
Educational Program CompEduHPT: Three Case
Studies ASME Turboexpo 2003, June 16-19, 2003,
Atlanta, Georgia, GT2003-38165
Salomón, M., Fridh, J., Kessar, A., Fransson, T.
H.
”Gas Turbine Simulations in the Computerized
Educational Program CompEduHPT: Educational
Aspects ASME Turboexpo 2003, June 16-19, 2003,
Atlanta, Georgia, GT2003-38164
Petrov, M.P., Stenhede, T., Martin, A.R.,
Hunyadi, L.
"Hybrid Dual-Fuel Combined Cycles for Small-Scale
Applications with Internal Combustion Engines",
ASME International Joint Power Generation
Conference, Atlanta GA, USA, June 16-19, 2003.
Kielb, R. E., Barter, J., Chernysheva, O. V., and
Fransson T. H.
”Flutter of low pressure turbine blades with cycle
symmetry modes - a preliminary design method”
ASME/IGTI Turbo Expo, June 16- 19, 2003,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA. GT-2003-38694
Chernysheva, O. V., Fransson, T. H., Kielb, R.
E., Barter, J.
“Effect of sectored mode shape variation on the
aerodynamic stability of the turbine sectored vane”,
Turbo Expo Conference, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta,
Georgia, USA. GT2003-38632,
Chernysheva, O. V., Fransson, T. H., Kielb, R.
E., Barter, J.
“Influence of a vibration amplitude distribution on
the aerodynamic stability of a low-pressure turbine
sectored vane” 10th International Symposium on
Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and
Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines, Durham, USA,
2003
42
Kielb, R. E., Barter, J., Chernysheva, O. V.,
Fransson, T. H.
“Flutter design of low pressure turbine blades with
cyclic symmetric modes” 10th International
Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics,
Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines,
Durham, USA, 2003
Jöcker, M.; Kessar, A.; Kahl, G.; Rehder, H.-J.;
Fransson, T
”Comparison of Models to Predict Low Engine
Order Excitation in a High-Pressure Turbine Stage”;
10 th International Symposium on Unsteady
Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of
Turbomachines, Durham, NC, USA, September 7-11,
2003
Myhre, M., Moyroud, F., Fransson, T. H.
"Numerical investigation of the sensitivity of forced
response characteristics of bladed disks to mistuning"
ASME/IGTI Turbo Expo, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta,
Georgia, USA, paper number GT2003-38007 2003
Kazachkov, Ivan V., Fransson, Torsten H.,
Salomón, M., and Kalion V., “An interactive
teaching and learning platform for numerical methods
in gas turbine” 41 st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and
Exhibit, Reno, Nevada 6 - 9 Jan 2003 AIAA 2003-943
Faltin, N., Böhne,A., Tuttas, J., Gillet, D.,
Hesselink, L., Navarathna, N.
”Building Remote Laboratories for Education
(Workshop)” International Conference on
Engineering Education July 21-25, 2003, Valencia.
Spain
Jayasuriya, J., Ersson, A., Fredriksson, J.,
Fransson, T., Järås, S.
”Experimental Investigations of High Pressure
Catalytic Combustion of Methane” Meeting of The
Scandinavian-Nordic and Italian Sections of The
Combustion Institute, 2003
Laumert, B., Mårtensson, H., Fransson, T.H.
”Aeroelasticity in Turbomachines” Stockholm First
international Conference on Military Technology, July
10-11, 2003

Department of Energy Technology
Kazachkov, I.
”About Localization of Heating in Granular Layer
with Internal Heat Generation” 4 th Baltic Heat
Transfer Conference, Kaunas, Lithuania, August 25-
27, 2003
Bron, O., Fransson, T., Ferrand, P., Atassi, H.
”Experimental and numerical study of non-linear
interactions in transonic nozzle flow” ISUAAAT,
Duke University, USA, September 7-11, 2003
Kazachkov, I., Palm B.
“Analysis of Annular Two-phase Flow Dynamics
under Heat Transfer Conditions” J. of Enhanced Heat
Transfer, Accepted, 1-29pp., 2003.
Kazachkov, I.,
“Modeling the drop oscillation over hot plate”
Proceedings of MATLAB conference, Copenhagen, Denmark,
October 22-24, 2003.
Kazachkov, I., Kalion V.,
“Numerical continuum mechanics”
Lecture notes, KTH, Vol. 2, 347pp., 2003.
Division of Reactor Technology
E. Grindon, M. L. Ang, M. Kulig, M. Slootman,
H. Löffler, G. Horvath, A. Bujan, W. Frid, W.
Cholewa, M. Khatib-Rahbar
A rapid response source term indicator based on plant
status for use in emergency response, Proceedings of
FISA 2003-EU research in reactor safety, European
Commission, Luxemburg, 10-13 November 2003.
F. D´Auria, F. Reventos, A. Sjöberg, O.
Sandervåg, C. Ahnert, G. Verdu, J. Macek, K.
Ivanov, Rizwanj Uddin, E. Sartori, W. Frid, D.
Panayotov
Revisiting critical issues in nuclear reactor
design/safety by using 3-D
neutronics/tthermalhydraulics models: state-of-theart,
Proceedings of FISA 2003-EU research in reactor
safety, European Commission, Luxemburg, 10-13
November 2003.
Bednarski M., Cholewa W., Frid W.,
The sensitivity analysis of Bayesian Networks,
Proceedings of AI-METH 2003 – Artificial
Intelligence Methods, November 5–7, 2003, Gliwice,
Polen.
Cronhiort, B., Mörner, N-A., Sjöberg R.
"Dry Rock Deposit Argued in Favor of Wet Deep
Disposal", Proc. of the 10th Intl. High-Level
Radioactive Waste Management Conference, March
30-April 3, 2003, Las Vegas, NV, USA. American
Nuclear Society, 2003.
Division of Applied Thermodynamics and
Refrigeration
Sakellari, D, Lundqvist, P
Influence of the Design Criteria on the Operation of a
Domestic Heat Pump Heating System.Int. Congress
of Refrigeration 2003, Washington, D.C.
Witharana, S.
An investigation into UA-Value of a Brazed Plate
Heat Exchanger Evaporator at Zero and Low
Superheats Trita REFR Report 03/34
Witharana, S.
A superheat heat exchanger to improve evaporator
performance Trita REFR Report 03/35
Witharana, S.
The potential for using porous coating as a mean to
augment boiling heat transfer coefficient Trita REFR
Report 03/36
Melinder, Å.
Comparing Properties of a Aqueous Solutions for
Liquid only ad Ice Slurry Application of Indirect
Systems Int. Congress of Refrigeration 2003,
Washington D.C
Witharana, S.
Micro-Engineered Surface Enhancement Technique
for High Performance Heat Exchangers
HEFAT2003, 2 nd Int. Conf on Heat Transfer, fluid
Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls
Zambia, June 2003
Witharana, S.
Enhanced Surfaces: A Literature Review
Trita REFR Report No 03/38
Claesson, J., Afgani, M., Palm, B.
43

Department of Energy Technology
Influence of Large Brine Temperature Difference in a
Compact Brazed Evaporator with Low Overall Heat
Flux Eurotherm seminar no 72, Valencia, Spain, 2003
Sakellari, D., Lundqvist, P.
Modelling and Simulation Results from the Operation
of a Domestic Heat Pump Heating System
Eurotherm seminar no 72, Valencia, Spain, 2003
Pridasawas, W., Lundqvist, P.
Natural Working Fluids for a Solar-Driven Ejector
Refrigeration System Eurotherm seminar no 72, pp
431436, Valencia, Spain, 2003
Björk, E., Setiawan, A., Palm, B.
Air Side Heat Transfer of a Domestic Refrigerator
Plate-Type Evaporator Eurotherm Seminar No 72
Thermodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer of
Refrigeration Machines and Heat Pumps, Valencia,
Spain,, 2003
Owhaib, W., Palm, B.
Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Vertical Circular
MicroChannel Tube Eurotherm Seminar No 72
Thermodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer of
Refrigeration Machines and Heat Pumps, Valencia,
Spain, pp 81-85, 2003
Khodabandeh, R.
Pressure drop in Riser and Evaporator in an
Advanced Two-Phase Thermosyphon Loop
Eurotherm Seminar No 72 Thermodynamics Heat
and Mass Transfer of Refrigeration Machines and
Heat Pumps, Valencia, Spain, pp 423-429, 2003
(saknas)
Kjaerboe P och Södergren D
Var försiktig vid användning av specifik
värmeförbrukning. VVS-tidningen, energi och miljö.
Sthlm, nr 9, 2003.
Kjaerboe P
Böjd reglerkurva sparar energi. Energimagasinet nr
3,2003. Halmstad.
Kjaerboe P
Ventilationen kan styras med sol. Energimagasinet nr
5,2003. Halmstad.
44
Kjaerboe P och Khodabandeh S
Phase Change of Water in roofs momentarily
decrease Power for Heating. HVAC in Cold Climates.
Trondheim, 2003.
Kjaerboe P och Abdel-Aziz
Freezing of water to snow for heating of air. HVAC
in Cold Climates. Trondheim, 2003.
Pridasawas, W., Lundqvist, P.
Technical Options for a Solar-Driven Cooling System
ISES Solar World Congress 2003, Solar Energy for a
Sustainable Future, Göteborg, 2003
Nemariam, T.
Modelling and Simulation of Absorption Solar
Air Conditioning System for Assab, Eritrea ISES
Solar World Congress 2003, Solar Energy for a
sustainable Future, Göteborg, 2003
Pridasawas, W., Lundqvist, P
Feasibility and Efficiency of Solar-Driven
Refrigeration Systems Int. Congress of Refrigeration
2003, Washington D.C
Pridasawas, W. Lundqvist, P.
A year-round Simulation of a Solar-driven Ejector
Refrigeration System, ISSN 0854-9346 Int.
Conference on Fluid and Thermal Energy
Conversion, 2003, Bali, Indonesia, 2003
Nemariam, T, Lundqvist, P.
Modelling and Simulation of Absorption Solar
Cooling System for Modernized old Buildning in
Eritrea Int. Conf on Fluid and Thermal Energy
Conversion 2003, Bali Indonesia, 2003
Melinder, Å.
Comparing Thermophysical Properties of Liquid
Only and Ice Slurry Secondary Fluids Proceeding of
Int. Conf on Fluid and Thermal Energy Conversion
2003, Bali, Indonesia, 2003
Melinder, Å.
Update on Indirect Systems and Secondary Fluids
with Focus on Supermarket Refrigeration Proceeding
of Int. Conf. on Fluid and Thermal Energy
Conversion 2003, Bali, Indonesia, 2003

Department of Energy Technology
Owhaib, W., Claudi Martin-Callizo, C., Palm, B.
Evaporative Heat Transfer in Vertical Circular
MicroChannel 8 th UK National Heat Transfer
Conference, Oxford, 2003
Claesson, J., Simanic, B.
Pressure drop and Visualization of Adiabatic R134a
Two-Phase Flow Inside a Chevron Type Plate Heat
Exchanger 21 st Int. Congress of Refrigeration,
IIR/IIF Washington D.C, USA, paper ICR314
Claesson, J. Palm, B
Performance of a Compact Brazed Plate Heat
Exchanger Evaporator Run in Co-Current and
Counter-Current Proceeding 5 th Int. Conf on Boiling
Heat Transfer, Montego Bay, Jamaica May 5-8
Session VIII; Heat Transfer and Heater
Characteristics, third paper
Khodabandeh, R.
Influence of Channel Diameter on Boiling Heat
Transfer in a Closed Advanced Two-Phase
Thermosyphon Loop 5 th Int. Conf on Boiling Heat
Transfer, Montego Bay Jamaica, 2003
Nowacki, J-E., Palm, B.
Refrigeration Accident Analysis Int. Congress of
Refrigeration 2003, Washington D.C
Fernando, P., Palm, B. Granryd, E., Andersson,
K. Mini-Channel Aluminium Heat Exchangers with
Small Inside Volumes Int. Congress of Refrigeration,
Washington D.C, 2003
Khodabandeh, R., Palm, B.
“Choosing Working Fluid for Two Phase
Thermosyphon System for Cooling of Electronic”
Transactions of the ASME Journal of Electronic
Packaging, June 2003, pp 276-281
Fernando, P., Han, H., Palm, B, Granryd, E.,
Lundqvist, P.
The Solubility of Propane (R290) with Commonly
Used Compressor Lubrication Oils IMECHE Conf
Transactions 2003-4, Prof. Eng. Publ ISSN 1356-1448
Melinder, Å.
Ice-slurry som köldbärare
Energi & miljö Nr 4 pp 10-11
Hägg, C.
Villavärmepump med liten köldmediefyllning
Energi & miljö Nr 4 pp 14-15
Jonsson, H.
Kyltekniska ingenjörer från KTH
ScanRef nr 4, pp 34-36
Nowacki, J-E.
Små enrums värmepumpars effektivitet
ScanRef nr 6, pp 31
Lundqvist, P., Palm, B.
Vad pågår på KTH Kylteknik?
ScanRef nr 6 , pp 36-37
Forsén, M.
Prestige – värmepumpbranschens gemensamma
beräkningsprogram
Kyla nr 6, pp 26-27
Södergren, D.
Ett bostadshus av trä med energisnåla installationer
45

Department of Energy Technology
46
Sources of funding kSEK
KTH
Division/Sources EGI EBS ETT ERT EKV EKS EnergiCenter Total
KTH, Education 11 465 - - - - - - 11 465
KTH, Research education
STEM and various gov.
1 095 105 3 549 165 4 358 2 287 695 12 254
org 319 1 191 12 761 1 341 11 566 7 989 - 35 167
EU - - 3 329 495 3156 1 387 - 8 367
Industry/other 337 234 1 187 1 536 1 883 870 - 6 047
Total 13 216 1 530 20 826 3 537 20 963 12 533 695 73 300

Department of Energy Technology
Finances
Revenues, kSEK 2001 2002 2003
Grants for Master degree education 6 228 9 008 11 465
Grants for Postgraduate education and research 11 564 11 112 12 254
Other grants 0 0 0
Educational assignments 220 -51 30
Research assignments 213 22 708
Fees 843 1 516 303
External grants 43 991 45 514 47 789
Internal 2 244 3 267 751
65 303 70 388 73 300
Expenditures, kSEK 2001 2002 2003
Staff 30 185 34 628 37 347
Cost of premises 8 482 8 250 8 431
Operating cost 18 078 13 222 12 908
Depreciation 3 140 3 028 2 358
Interests 991 1 411 750
Common overhead cost (HSG) 8 388 8 997 10 021
69 264 69 536 71 815
47
Grants for
Grants for
Fees
External g
Internal
64%

Department of Energy Technology
48
10%
4%
16%
28%
Personnel
Personnel 2000 2001 2002 2003
Professors 5 (4,65) 5 (3,19) 4 (2,95) 4 (2,8)
Scientific and engineering staff 20 (19,6) 26 (18,95) 28 (20,27) 29 (21,92)
- without PhD degree 10 (6,36) 11 (6,88)
- with PhD degree 18 (13,91) 18 (15,04)
Graduate students 50 (49,4) 48 (38,59) 48 (39,76) 44 (40,93)
Administrative staff 15 (14.6) 15 (14,06) 18 (14,73) 17 (15,48)
Technical staff 10 (10,0) 13 (12,16) 11 (10,33) 11 (9,5)
Total 100 (98,25) 107 (86,95) 109 (88,04) 105 (90,63)
( ) = Full time employees for the whole year
Personnel 2003
42%
Graduate students
Scientific staff
Professors
Technical staff
Administrative staff

Department of Energy Technology
Administration
Ann Brånth, Ann-Louise Larsson, Inga Du Rietz, Iréne Beer, Victoria Nilsson, Ulla Wahlgren, Mona Peterson
Susy Mathew, Peter Nordén, Catharina Lenneryd, Florin Manolescu
Present but not in picture: Kajsa Bergman, Birger Söderström, Tony Chapman
Contact persons at EGI
Name Title/Div. Telephone E-mail
Torsten Fransson Professor/EKV, GTC +46 8 790 7475 fransson@energy.kth.se
Wiktor Frid Visting professor/ERT +46 8 790 7482 wiktor@energy.kth.se
Hans Jonsson Director of studies/EGI +46 8 790 7426 hansj@energy.kth.se
Catharina Lenneryd Head of Economy/EGI +46 8 790 7672 catlen@energy.kth.se
Per Lundqvist Associate professor/ETT +46 8 790 7452 perlundq@energy.kth.se
Ivo Martinac University Lecturer/EBS +46 8 790 6884 im@energy.kth.se
Peter Nordén Head of Administration/EGI +46 8 790 9419 petern@energy.kth.se
Björn Palm Associate professor/ETT +46 8 790 7453 bpalm@energy.kth.se
Bal Raj Sehgal Professor /EKS +46 8 790 9252 sehgal@energy.kth.se
49

Department of Energy Technology
50
KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN
Department of Energy Technology
Brinellvägen 60, SE-100 44 Stockhom, Sweden
http://www.energy.kth.se
Tel: +46 790 60 00, Fax: +46 8 20 41 61