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Ingeokring Newsletter Concluding remarks • In the five analysed dams we could corroborate that the admissible gradient reported in the literature at that time was not safe. • Piping took place in permeable foundations consisting of fine and medium sand having a high permeability. Hydraulic Resources Secretaryship, Engineering Institute, UNAM (1976). Behaviour of Dams in México. University City, Mexico City. Sherard, J.L., R.J. Woodward, S.F. Gizienski & W.K. Clevenger (1963). Earth and Earth-Rock Dams. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1967). Small Dam Design. Translated into Spanish by C.E.C., Mexico City. Literature Armas Novoa, R. & E. Horta Mestas (1987). Earth Dams. Polytechnic Higher Institute (ISPJAE), Havana, Cuba. Marsal, R.J. & D. Reséndiz (1975). Rockfill Dams. Limusa Editorial, Mexico City. Dam edition | Double Issue 2007/2008 | 50
Ingeokring Newsletter The activities of the Netherlands’ National Committee on Large Dams (NETHCOLD) Ir. J. van Duivendijk, NETHCOLD Chairman In this article, a short description is given of the aims of the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) and those of its member representing The Netherlands, the Netherlands’ National Committee on Large Dams (NETHCOLD). In the definition of ICOLD all dams having a height of 15 m or more are large dams. However, also 10 m high dams having a crest exceeding a certain length or a reservoir exceeding a certain volume or area are considered to be large dams. It implies that The Netherlands has some 10 large dams. Worldwide, the number of large dams is in the order of 50000. In recent years ICOLD members have broadened their scope to the so-called small dams. Some national committees have even taken the trouble to delete the word ‘large’ in their committee name. Obviously, our sea defences (sea dikes) and flood embankments (river dikes) have much in common with small dams. ICOLD, having its secretariat in Paris, has been founded in 1928 in order to create a forum for discussion and exchange of knowledge and experience in the field of dam design and construction. Anybody who, in one way or another, is involved in dam building and water management may become active in ICOLD. In the year 2006, 85 countries were a member of ICOLD through their national committees. In those national committees one usually finds representatives of governmental departments, technical institutes, consulting engineers and contractors; but also financing institutions, environmentalists and insurers may play an active role. NETHCOLD was founded in 1969. The implementation of the Delta Project was at its peak at that time. In an article published in ‘De Ingenieur’ (November 22, 1968) the writer stated: “Also in The Netherlands dams have been built and are being built which fit the ICOLD definition. In this respect one should not only refer to our estuary dams in the delta region of Rhine and Meuse but also to the dams closing off tidal inlets like the Zuyderzee, the Braakman and the Lauwerszee. During construction of (for instance) tidal power plants (France, England, Canada, Russia) conditions are encountered which are comparable to those prevailing in our own coastal and deltaic regions. One could imagine that the experience and know-how, obtained during design, model and field investigations and construction of the Delta Project, after its completion…could be useful for providing expertise and carrying out assignments in other countries. But in that case one must make sure that others are aware of the Dutch skills and technology in this field. One way of reaching this goal is the membership of ICOLD”. Partly as a consequence of this article NETHCOLD (a ‘stichting’) was founded and, at that time, placed under the supervision of KIVI (some years ago KIVI did not any longer think this supervision to be necessary). Members can be governmental entities as well as commercial enterprises and individuals. At present two departments of Rijkswaterstaat, Delft University of Technology (Fac. CiTG), institutes (Delft Hydraulics, IHE-UNESCO), engineering consultants and contractors are corporate members as well as some individuals. In the Statutes it is laid down that in case the Chairman is somebody employed by Rijkswaterstaat, the Secretary must come from a commercial enterprise and vice-versa. Within ICOLD, exchange of experience and know-how takes place in the so-called technical committees, during the annual technical symposia and during the congresses which are held every three years. A list of technical committees can be found at ICOLD’s web site (www.icold-cigb.org) under the heading ICOLD -> Technical Committees. ICOLD members meet each other first of all during the said congresses (some 1 500 participants) but also during the committee meetings which are held during the Annual Meetings. During such annual meetings the host country will, apart from a technical symposium, also organise workshops and study tours to dam projects in the host country and neighbouring countries. A new development in ICOLD is the creation of regional ‘clubs’. NETHCOLD is member of the Club for European National Committees. This club also has a number of working groups. They discuss and formulate rules on such topics as floods, risk assessment, dam safety and the European Water Directive but also on seismic criteria for dams. The work in these groups is of great interest for the Netherlands as the basin-wide approach plays a significant role. An example is the analysis of the role of dams in European rivers during flood periods. NETHCOLD members have always been very active in various technical committees. In most cases the findings and conclusions of such committees are laid down in so-called Dam edition | Double Issue 2007/2008 | 51
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