Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 2004: America's Expanding ... - OCS BBS

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Subsea systems, as shown in figure 45, are capable of producing hydrocarbons from reservoirs covering the entire range of water depths that industry is exploring. Subsea systems continue to be a key component in the success in deepwater to date. These systems are generally multi-component seafloor facilities that allow for the production of hydrocarbons in water depths that would normally preclude installing conventional fixed or bottom-founded platforms. The subsea system can be divided into two major components: the seafloor equipment and the surface equipment. The seafloor equipment will include some or all of the following: one or more subsea wells, manifolds, control umbilicals, and flowlines. The surface component of the subsea system includes the control system and other production equipment located on a host platform that could be located many miles from the actual wells. SUBSEA TRENDS Figure 46 shows the number of subsea completions each year since 1955 (only productive wells were counted). There were fewer than ten subsea completions per year until 1993. This number increased dramatically throughout the 1990’s. The pie chart within figure 46 shows that shallow-water subsea wells are a significant contribution to the subsea well population in the GOM. Shallow-water subsea wells accounted for 131 of the 295 total subsea wells in the GOM by yearend 2003. Operators have found subsea tiebacks to be valuable for shallow-water marginal fields because of the extensive infrastructure of platforms and pipelines. Nonmajor companies have installed nearly all of these shallow-water subsea wells, led by Walter Oil and Gas Corporation with 35 wells. Figure 46 demonstrates the increasing reliance of industry on subsea technology to develop both shallow-water and deepwater fields, beginning in the late 1980’s. The technology required to implement subsea production systems in deepwater evolved significantly in the last decade. This evolution is apparent in figure 47, which shows the deepest subsea completion was in 350 ft (107 m) of water until 1988, when the water depth record (GOM) jumped to 2,243 ft or 684 m (Green Canyon 31 project). In 1996 another record was reached with a subsea completion in 2,956 ft (901 m) of water (Mars project), followed by a 1997 subsea completion in 5,295 ft (1,614 m) of water (Mensa project). Camden Hills has the deepest production in the GOM to date, in a water depth of 7,216 ft (2,199 m). A listing of productive subsea completions on the GOM Outer Continental Shelf can be found in Appendix G. Figure 48 further breaks down the subsea completion count into specific water depth ranges. This figure shows that 70 percent of the subsea completions are in water depths less than 2,500 ft (762 m). NEW PIPELINES The pipeline infrastructure to bring deepwater oil and gas onshore also expanded during the 1990’s. The pipeline from a subsea completion to the host platform is commonly referred to as the tieback. The tieback length varies considerably, as shown in figure 49. Most subsea wells are within 10 mi (16 km) of the host platform, with the Mensa field remaining the current world record holder for a subsea tieback length of 62 mi (100 km) from the host platform. The second longest subsea tieback in the world (55 mi or 88 km) is Canyon Express, linking Aconcagua, Camden Hills, and King’s Peak projects to their host platform. Deepwater pipelines approved for installation are shown in figures 50a and 50b. The data include the total length of all pipelines originating at a deepwater development, including any shallow-water segments (control umbilicals are excluded). Figure 50a shows deepwater pipelines that are less than or equal to 12 inches (30.5 cm) in diameter. The dominance of gas pipeline miles approved in deepwater is surprising — 58 percent of the total since 1990. The large increase in 2001 in both oil and gas pipeline miles reflects approvals for Canyon Express (Aconcagua, Camden Hills, and King’s Peak fields), Horn Mountain, and the Boomvang-Nansen projects. Installation of large pipelines (greater than 12 inches [30.5 cm] in diameter) dramatically increased in 2002 after a brief downturn in activity in 2000 and 2001 (figure 50b). The peak in 2002 was driven by the approval of the Mardi Gras system. 70
Flow lines to host platform Subsea Manifold Subsea Wellhead Well # 1 Flow line jumper Well # 3 Well # 2 71 Subsea Umbilical Termination Assembly (SUTA) Electrical & Hydraulic Control Umbilical Figure 45. Crosby Project (MC 899) subsea equipment layout (image courtesy of Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.).
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ON COVER - The cover features four
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Table of Contents Page PREFACE.....
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Figures Page Figure 1. The Gulf of
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Figures — continued Page Figure 5
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Tables Page Table 1 List of Deepwat
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INTRODUCTION The deepwater Gulf of
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BACKGROUND DEFINITIONS The GOM Oute
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EXPANDING FRONTIER When the origina
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1992 - 1993 Louisiana Mississippi A
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1992 - 2003 Texas Louisiana Mississ
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fffffffffffffffff 1500 ft Quaternar
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In addition to the traditional oil
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15 Figure 8. Gas hydrates on the se
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1998 - 1999 Louisiana Mississippi A
Page 33 and 34: 4,500 4,000 Number of Active Leases
Page 35 and 36: ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITY The extensiv
Page 37 and 38: Operators submit a remotely operate
Page 39 and 40: 25 Figure 15. Loop and eddy current
Page 41 and 42: 1975 - 1979 Louisiana Mississippi A
Page 43 and 44: 29 Deepwater Discoveries $ #Y Texas
Page 45 and 46: 31 Texas ð PORT ARANSAS 1000 ft 15
Page 47 and 48: Louisiana Mississippi Alabama 33 Te
Page 49 and 50: Pipelines New pipelines Proposed pi
Page 51 and 52: LEASING Until the mid-1990's, leasi
Page 53 and 54: Number of Leases Bid On 600 500 400
Page 59 and 60: 2004 - 2005 (741 leases) Louisiana
Page 61 and 62: DRILLING AND DEVELOPMENT Deepwater
Page 63 and 64: 49 Figure 30. The Discoverer Deep S
Page 65 and 66: 51 Number of Wells Spudded 250 200
Page 67 and 68: 120 > 7,500 ft 107 108 100 5,000 -
Page 73 and 74: 180 160 Deepwater EP Deepwater DOCD
Page 75 and 76: 340 626 390 472 472 456 393 475 590
Page 77 and 78: Year of First Production Table 4 De
Page 79 and 80: Year of First Production Table 4 De
Page 81 and 82: A predominant workhorse of the GOM
Page 83: 3 Number Installed 2 1 0 2004 69 TL
Page 87 and 88: 140 131 120 100 78 Number of Wells
Page 89 and 90: RESERVES AND PRODUCTION The deepwat
Page 91 and 92: 77 Million Barrels of Oil Equivalen
Page 93 and 94: 18 16 14 12 10 8 Number of Fields 6
Page 95 and 96: 81 Million Barrels of Oil Equivalen
Page 97 and 98: 45,000 40,000 Million Barrels Oil E
Page 99 and 100: 1992-1993 1994-1995 1996-1997 Lease
Page 101 and 102: S hallo w- wa ter GOM 11% Deepwater
Page 103 and 104: 1,200,000 1,000,000 Total productio
Page 105 and 106: 1,100,000 1,000,000 Subsea oil Tota
Page 107 and 108: 900,000 800,000 Majors Nonmajors 70
Page 109 and 110: 45,000 40,000 Max oil rate 1,000-1,
Page 111 and 112: 4,000 3,500 Shallow water Deepwater
Page 113 and 114: Texas Auger Louisiana SS182 Troika
Page 115 and 116: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS This report
Page 117 and 118: 2,500 Number of leases Average U.S.
Page 119 and 120: Number of Years 14 12 leas es in p
Page 121 and 122: data for this analysis include only
Page 123 and 124: 80 2500 70 60 Number of leases dril
Page 125 and 126: 4,500 4,000 3,500 Leases tested Lea
Page 127: • Nonmajor companies have made mo
Page 131: REFERENCES Bascle, B. J., L. D. Nix
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Project Name Area/Block Water Depth
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Sale Number Sale Location Sale Date
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Completed Studies [MMS Study Number
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Group Name Company Name MMS Number
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Group Name Company Name MMS Number
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Appendix G. Subsea Completions. Are
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Area Block API Number Operator Comp
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Area Block API Number Operator 144
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Year Shallowwater Oil (MBOPD) Deepw
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Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 2004: America's Expanding ... - OCS BBS

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