Abbreviations A & TSI ADI ADL AIDS APOE CI CRPD CSAP DLB DSM EuroCoDe EURODEM FTD GBD GDP HAART HAND HHS HIV HR IADL ICD IMPACT LMIC MAIA mhGAP MNS NIH OECD PAR PPP REACH RR SEK VaD WHO YOD Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Alzheimer’s Disease International Activities of daily living Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Apolipoprotein E Confidence interval Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Carer’s Strategy and Action Plan <strong>Dementia</strong> with Lewy bodies Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders European Collaboration on <strong>Dementia</strong> European Community Concerted Action on the Epidemiology and Prevention of <strong>Dementia</strong> Frontotemporal dementia Global burden of disease Gross domestic product Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder Health and Human Services Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hazard ratio Instrumental activities of daily living International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Important Perspectives on Alzheimer’s Care and Treatment Low- and middle-income countries Maisons pour l’Autonomie et Intégration des malades Alzheimer Mental Health Gap Action Programme Mental, neurological and substance use National Institutes of Health Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Population attributable risk Purchasing power parity Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health Relative risk Swedish krona Vascular dementia World Health Organization Young onset dementia vii
Acknowledgements Conceptualization and Guidance Shekhar Saxena (WHO), Marc Wortmann (UK), Daisy Acosta (Dominican Republic), Martin Prince (UK), Ennapadam S. Krishnamoorthy (India). Project coordination and editing Tarun Dua (WHO), Pamela Nichols (Australia), Yutaro Setoya (WHO). Technical Contribution and Review Working group members Working Group 1: Epidemiology, types, classification and cost. Steve T. DeKosky (USA), Lutz Frölich (Germany), Miia Kivipelto (Sweden), Martin Prince (Chair, UK), Anders Wimo (Sweden). Working Group 2: Policy, legislation, health care system and social support structure. Daisy Acosta (Chair, Dominican Republic), Marco Blom (Netherlands), Panteleimon Giannakopoulos (Switzerland), Oye Gureje (Nigeria), Peter Lloyd-Sherlock (UK), Glenn Rees (Australia), Michael Splaine (USA). Working Group 3: Awareness raising and education, public and professional attitudes and ethical aspects. Sabine Bährer-Kohler (Switzerland), Murna Downs (UK), Mariella Guerra (Peru), Tony Hope (UK), Diane Mansour (Lebanon), Mary Marshall (UK), Myrra Vernooij-Dassen (Netherlands), Marc Wortmann (Chair, UK). Working Group 4: Caregivers. Stefanie Auer (Austria), Henry Brodaty (Australia), Dolores Gallagher-Thompson (USA), Iva Holmerova (Czech Republic), Mira Josic de Hernandez (Venezuela), Ennapadam S. Krishnamoorthy (Chair, India), Yoshio Miyake (Japan), Ameenah Sorefan (Mauritius), Richard Uwakwe (Nigeria). International Contributors Happy Kokou Agoudavi (Togo), Sally-Marie Bamford (UK), Sube Banerjee (UK), Matthew Baumgart (USA), Pierre-Emmanuel Brugeron (France), Venessa Curnow (Australia), Hidetoshi Endo (Japan), Maree Farrow (Australia), Giovanni B. Frisoni (Italy), Saad Ghalib (United Arab Emirates), Kentaro Horibe (Japan), Georges E. Karam (Lebanon), Sujaya Krishnan (India), Sunghee Lee (Republic of Korea), Sandrine Lemery (France), Florence Lustman (France), Diane Mansour (Lebanon), Urs P. Mosimann (Switzerland), Flavio Paoletti (Italy), Yasmin Raashid (Pakistan), Perminder S. Sachdev (Australia), Linda Seaward (UK), Ana Luisa Sosa Ortiz (Mexico), Jotheeswaran Thiyagarajan (India), Babu Varghese (India), Huali Wang (China). Expert Reviewers Ricardo F. Allegri (Argentina), Nana Araba Apt (Ghana), Takashi Asada (Japan), Nelleen Baboolal (Trinidad and Tobago), Paulo Caramelli (Brazil), Monique Chaaya (Lebanon), Ding Ding (China), S. K. Das (India), Patricio Fuentes (Chile), Yueqin Huang (China), Steve lliffe (UK), John Joska (South Africa), Ichiro Kai (Japan), Norito Kawakami (Japan), Katsunori Kondo (Japan), Facundo Manes (Argentina), Walter Mangezi (Zimbabwe), Kozo Matsubayashi (Japan), Ana Claire Meyer (USA), Ndahambelela Mthoko (Namibia), Sekai Nhiwatiwa (Zimbabwe), Adesola Ogunniyi (Nigeria), Toshiyuki Ojima (Japan), Corinna Porteri (Italy), Pierre-Marie Preux (France), Vorapun Senanarong (Thailand), Richard Schultz (Canada), K. S. Shaji (India), William Thies (USA), Johan Vos (New Zealand), Bengt Winblad (Sweden). Survey respondents Happy Kokou Agoudavi (Togo), Ana Baldoni (Argentina), Debbie Benczkowski (Canada), Md Shahjahan Biswas (Bangladesh), Nora Eneyda de la Garza-Acevedo (Mexico), Scott Dudgeon (Canada), Faraneh Farin (Iran), Patricio Fuentes (Chile), Maria Gantman (Russian Federation), Saad Ghalib (United Arab Emirates), Mariella Guerra (Peru), Dagoberto Guilamo (Dominican Republic), Azizul Haque (Bangladesh), Hasmet A. Hanagasi (Turkey), Agus Hartanto (Indonesia), Heike Hesse (Honduras), Arsenio Hueros (Spain), Jeremy Hughes (UK), Lidia Iriarte (Argentina), Hussain Jafri (Pakistan), Sabine Jansen (Germany), Thierry Jarlet (France), Mira Josic de Hernandez (Venezuela), Ong Eng Joo (Malaysia), Martina Kane (UK), Yim Khai Kee (Malaysia), Fugen Kural (Turkey), Sunghee Lee (Republic of Korea), Diane Mansour (Lebanon), Birgitta Martensson (Switzerland), Yoko Mizutani (Japan), Martina WS Nasrun (Indonesia), David Ndetei (Kenya), Glenn Rees (Australia), Jesús Rodrigo (Spain), Jacob Roy (India), Alicja Sadowska (Poland), Tami Tamitegama (Sri Lanka), Richard Uwakwe (Nigeria), Yin-Hua Wang (China), Huali Wang (China), Mirka Wojciechowska (Poland), Ryu Yoshino (Japan). WHO Headquarters Katerina Ainali, John Beard, Nicolas Clark, Dan Chisholm, Natalie Drew, Alexandra Fleischmann, Daniela Fuhr, Michelle Funk, Colin Mathers, Jodi Morris, Vladimir Poznyak, Geoffrey Reed, Andreas Reis, Dag Rekve, Chiara Servili, Thomas Shakespeare, Sarah Skeen, Kanna Sugiura, Mark van Ommeren, Isy Vromans, Taghi M. Yasamy. WHO Regional Offices Sebastiana Da Gama Nkomo & Carina Ferreira-Borges, WHO Regional Office for Africa; Jorge Rodriguez, WHO Regional Office for the Americas; Vijay Chandra, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia; Matthijs Muijen, WHO Regional Office for Europe; Khalid Saeed, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean; Xiangdong Wang, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Interns Mika Mizunuma, Keiko Sakurai. Administrative support Adeline Loo (WHO), Grazia Motturi (WHO), Sarah Smith (UK), Rosemary Westermeyer (WHO). Production Team Editing: David Bramley, Switzerland Graphic design and layout: Erica Lefstad and Christian Bäuerle, Germany PHOTOS Cover page (by Cathy Greenblat) Bhanumathi brushing away the evil spirits from an aide – Bangalore, India Executive summary (by Cathy Greenblat) A Japanese woman at a group home in Kyoto peacefully admires the bamboo garden – Kyoto, Japan Chapter 1 Introduction (by Cathy Greenblat) Melissa, the daughter of a staff member, is completely comfortable with residents of the Silverado Senior Living residential community who give her many signs of affection – Escondido, California Chapter 2 Epidemiology of dementia (by Alzheimer’s Disease International) An interview being conducted for the Indianapolis-Ibadan <strong>Dementia</strong> Project – Ibadan, Nigeria Chapter 3 <strong>Dementia</strong> policy and plans (by Leonardo Ramírez) Yolanda and Jose on his birthday. Jose is responsible for all the care of Yolanda and doesn’t accept the help of others. He says that when he married her, he swore to love and care for her in any adversity – Caracas, Venezuela Chapter 4 <strong>Dementia</strong> health and social care systems (by Cathy Greenblat) Arthur joined six fellow residents on a Fourth of July outing and had a good time. The next day he napped peacefully in the salon – Escondido, California Chapter 5 <strong>Dementia</strong> caregiving and caregivers (by Cathy Greenblat) Carole and her mother, MaryLou, holding hands the day before MaryLou died – Escondido, California Chapter 6 Public understanding of dementia (by Cathy Greenblat) Despite Lars’ weakened condition, he was happy to hold the hand of Heather, the music therapist, while she played the guitar and to sing with her – Escondido, California Chapter 7 The way forward (by Cathy Greenblat) Meredith likes to look elegant and sporty every day and she was one of the first to be seated at the July 4th party – Escondido, California WHO would like to thank Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), UK; Centre collaborateur de l’OMS pour la Psychiatrie de la Personne âgée, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avancé (SUPAA) Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre collaborateur de l’OMS pour la Recherche et la Formation en Santé mentale, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland, for their contributions. ADI would like to thank Alzheimer’s Australia, Alzheimer’s Australia (West Australia), MetLife Foundation, Stichting Alzheimer Nederland, and Vradenburg Foundation, for their contributions. viii
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