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IX.B. Structural mitigation Structural measures are those that directly influence the building stock through strengthening of code provisions and the prevalent constructions practice. As part of structural measures GOB has • So far constructed shelters nearby the highly vulnerable areas. • Set up a committee in 1992 to prepare ‘Building Code’ setting the minimum standard which had to be met to construct any building. • Public Works Department (PWD) arranged several in-house workshops to train their engineers about earthquake, to use the seismic codes in designing buildings. • Dept. of Geology of Dhaka University has started the vulnerability assessment of their existing buildings to prioritize their retrofitting measures. IX.C. Non-Structural mitigation The non-structural mitigation measures include improvement in the state of awareness, preparedness, and other activities before and after disaster. IX.C.1. Awareness / Preparedness Preparedness/awareness requires monitoring, workshop/seminars as well as community based management. Monitoring Though Earthquake is rather difficult to predict, Bangladesh Meteorological Dept (BMD) has installed the Digital Seismic Equipment for earthquake monitoring which has 4 components: • Broadband seismometer at 4 stations (Dhaka , Chittagong , Rangpur and Sylhet Districts ) • Borehole Seismometer at 2 stations upto a depth of 100m( Dhaka and Rangpur Districts ) • Short Period Seismometer at 2 stations ( Chittagong and Sylhet Districs ) • Strong motion Accelerometer at 4 stations (Dhaka , Chittagong , Sylhet and Rangpur dist.) Fig-2 shows their locations. The data obtained from these seismometers and accelerometers are being processed and analyzed to find out the following parameters of the earthquake: • Location ( Lat/Lon ) • Magnitude ( Richter Scale) • Origin Time • Focal Depth These observed data /massage are sent to New Delhi – Regional Telecom Hub (RTH) and to the local concerned offices, by Global Telecommunication System (GTS ). BMD share these data with BUET, DU, GSB, PMO via radio modem. Besides this, Bangladesh has the following earthquake monitoring systems: • Geohazard research group of Dept. Geology of Dhaka University in cooperation with USA, installed a broadband seismometer in Dhaka and several GPS devices at some places of Bangladesh for earthquake monitoring. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 02, December-2012 Page 12
• Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET ) installed seven free-field seismic instruments on Jamuna Bridge and on its surrounding areas ( east and west end of the bridge, at Dhaka , Gazipur ,Bogra and Nator Dist.(Fig-5). In addition , they installed a borehole accelerograph at 57m. depth. • BUET also acquired 60 analog SMA-1 type Accelerograph (Fig-6) installed at different Govt. institutions of the country to acquire earthquake data to develop the attenuation laws for Bangladesh, which can be readily used for earthquake hazard analysis and updating of seismic zonation map. Workshop/Seminar/project Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) with the help of different international funding agencies and local administration and other organizations like Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Bangladesh Earthquake Society (BES), Bangladesh Academy of Sciences (BAS), Dhaka University (DU), Bangladesh Meteorological Dept. (BMD), Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET), Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS), Local Govt. Engineering dept (LGED), BRAC University, Institute of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB), Institute of Diploma Engineers Bangladesh (IDEB), Real Estate Housing Association of Bangladesh (REHAB), SPARRSO ,CARE Bangladesh etc. organized and conducted diff. types of workshop, seminar, symposium and other public awareness and earthquake preparedness programs throughout the country. Community based management Govt. alone cannot properly manage and handle all types of disasters . It requires active participation of local people to provide necessary service during and after the disaster. This new approach of managing disaster known as Community-Based -Approach (CBA), is going on and popularized gradually. • BUET has undertaken several projects related to earthquake vulnerability assessment and community awareness. They also started earthquake safety ( mock drill) training to diff. school students (Fig-7). • Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) also has published a Disaster Management Training Manual for public awareness guidelines. IX.C.2 Other activities/policies Mapping /Survey • Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB) is involved with survey and the development of seismic zonation maps for pre and post disaster management. • Dept. of Civil Engineering of BUET and SUST undertaken field survey in diff. cities and collected the infrastructure information of diff. existing buildings. • For future seismic events and mitigation, BUET and Shah Jalal University of Science & Technology (SUST) prepared microzonation maps of major cities to know local site conditions Fig-8 shows microzonation map of Dhaka. • CARE Bangladesh has developed a seismic risk scenario for diff. cities. . Research /Institutional Activities • Dept. of Geology of Dhaka University has got funding from Ministry of science and Technology to carryout researches in the field of earthquake hazard assessment. • BUET has also undertaken diff. types of research activities related to earthquake. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 02, December-2012 Page 13
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