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Oblong Proportioned about 1:3-6 with the margins more or less parallel; rectangular but<br />
ends not necessarily squared <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Ovate Egg-shaped with the larger end at the base<br />
Obovate Inversely ovate, with the narrower end at the base<br />
Ostiole A small opening or pore<br />
Papilla (Papillae) Minute protuberance on the surface <strong>of</strong> a cell<br />
Papillose Having papillae<br />
Perithecium (Perithecia) A globose or flask-shaped fruiting body (ascoma) completely<br />
enclosed with protective sterile tissue and with an opening pore<br />
Photobiont The photosynthetic component in a lichen, either algae in the strict sense<br />
(e.g., green algae) or cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), or both<br />
Squamulose Composed <strong>of</strong> or characterized by having squamules—an intermediate<br />
growth form between crustose and foliose<br />
Sterile Without sexual reproductive structures<br />
Stratified Differentiated into layers<br />
Subfoliose Almost foliose, pertaining to the overall growth form <strong>of</strong> a crustose thallus that<br />
has marginal lobes showing some tendency to curve upwards<br />
Thallus (Thalli) The vegetative body consisting <strong>of</strong> both algal and fungal components, not<br />
differentiated into a stem and leaves<br />
TLC Thin layer chromatography—a technique used to separate chemical compounds<br />
Verrucose Having small rounded processes or ‘ warts’<br />
Verruculose Delicately warted<br />
Podetium (Podetia) The upright, hollow stalk formed by an elongated apothecium<br />
Prothallus A fringe <strong>of</strong> purely fungal tissue, white, black, or pigmented, usually seen at<br />
the edge <strong>of</strong> certain crustose lichens, but also visible between the areoles <strong>of</strong> some lichens<br />
Pruina Powdery frost-like deposit, typically composed <strong>of</strong> calcium oxalate, sometimes<br />
dead cells, usually white or pale grey, on the surface <strong>of</strong> many lichens or on their apothecia<br />
Pruinose Having a frosted appearance caused by a deposit <strong>of</strong> pruina<br />
Pseudocyphella (Pseudocyphellae) A tiny white break or opening in the cortex where<br />
medullary hyphae protrude; it may be round, irregular, angular, or a minuscule pore<br />
Pycnidium (Pycnidia) Minute, flask-shaped, fungal structure producing vegetative<br />
propagules and/or spermatia<br />
Recurved Curved downward or backward<br />
Rhizine Root-like hyphae on the lower side <strong>of</strong> a foliose lichen thallus<br />
Rosette A flower-like pattern arrayed around a common point <strong>of</strong> attachment<br />
Sessile Attached directly to the thallus surface without a stalk <strong>of</strong> any kind<br />
Simple Not divided; unbranched<br />
Soralium (Soralia) An area <strong>of</strong> the thallus in which the cortex has broken down or cracked<br />
and soredia are produced<br />
Soredium (Soredia) Asexual reproductive structure that is powdery to granular, not<br />
covered with a well-defined cortex, and contains both algal (photobiont) and fungal<br />
(mycobiont) components<br />
Sorediate Having soredia<br />
Spores Microscopic reproductive bodies released from the sporophyte capsule <strong>of</strong> a moss<br />
or liverwort, or from the apothecia <strong>of</strong> a lichen<br />
Spot test Tests for colour reactions obtained by applying a liquid chemical reagent to a<br />
lichen<br />
Squamule Small flakes or scales <strong>of</strong> a lichen, lifting from the substrate, at least at the edges,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten rounded, ear-like, or lobed<br />
178 <strong>Fascinating</strong> <strong>Lichens</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong><br />
<strong>Fascinating</strong> <strong>Lichens</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> 179
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