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124 • Fifty Shades of Tax Dodging gary, Uruguay, Published 13 March 2015, Accessed 15 August 2015: http://news.bna.com/itdm/ITDMWB/split_ display.adp?fedfid=64727525&vname=itmbul&wsn=491158500&- searchid=25545878&doctypeid=1&type=date&mode=doc&split=0&scm=ITDMWB&pg=0 & BNA Blomberg (2015). Lichtenstein concludes TIEA negotiations with Italy, initials DTA with Hungary, Published 17 February 2015, Accessed 15 August 2015: http://news.bna.com/ itdm/ITDMWB/split_display.adp?fedfid=63177258&vname=itmbul&wsn=491289000&searchid=25545878&doctypeid=1&type=date&- mode=doc&split=0&scm=ITDMWB&pg=0 634. Kinds, M. & Pakarinen, L. (2015). Withholding Tax Developments in 2014/2015. IFBD http://www.lowtax.net/information/hungary/hungary-table-of-double-tax-treaties.html 635. According to the response of the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to the questionnaire Taxation and Development Cooperation submitted to DemNet on 4 May 2015. 636. Ibid. 637. See ICIJ. (2015). Swissleaks data. Accessed 22 May 2015: http://www. icij.org/project/swiss-leaks/explore-swiss-leaks-data 638. Bloomberg. (2015). Hungary Repatriated $175 Million of Untaxed Funds, Ministry Says. Published 17 July 2015. 639. Ibid. 640. Ibid. 641. See Magyar Nemzeti Bank. Felügyelet: http://felugyelet.mnb.hu/ hirek_ujdonsagok/CRDIV-CRR-megjelent_130628.html 642. OTP Bank. (2014). OTP Bank Nyrt. 2014. Évi Éves Jelentése. Published 17 April 2015: https://www.otpbank.hu/static/portal/sw/file/150417_ eves_jelentes_071.pdf; OTP Bank. (2914). Annual Report 2014: https:// www.otpbank.hu/portal/en/IR/Reports/Annual 643. Decision 1387/2015 (VI. 12.) In: Magyar Közlöny. Issue 80. Published 12 June 2015 p. 7,408: http://www.kozlonyok.hu/nkonline/MKPDF/ hiteles/MK15080.pdf; PwC. (2015). Green light to the adoption of IFRS in Hungary: https://www.pwc.com/hu/hu/assets/pwc_ifrs_eng.pdf 644. OECD. (2015). Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes. Phase 1 and Phase 2 Reviews (as of August 2015), p.7; OECD. (2015). OECD Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Hungary 2015. Phase 2. Implementation of the Standard in Practice. Published 16 March 2015: http://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/global-forumon-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposespeer-reviews-hungary-2015-9789264231498-en.htm 645. Ibid., p.22. 646. Ibid., p.22 & 49. 647. Ibid. 648. §3 2011. évi CXCVI. Törvény a Nemzeti Vagyonról (2011 Act on National Assets). http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/getdoc2.cgi?docid=A1100196.TV. Jalsovszky. (2015). Gone too far – the “off-shore” restrictions of grant legislation pose unnecessary threats to multinationals. Published 6 May 2015: http://jalsovszky.com/publications/gone-too-far--the-offshore-restrictions-of-grant-legislation-pose-unnecessary-threatsto-multinationals 649. Ibid. 650. EurActiv. (2014). Commission slams Hungary’s Internet tax. Published 28 October 2014: http://www.euractiv.com/sections/infosociety/ commission-slams-hungarys-internet-tax-309559; NOL. (2014). Tiltakoznak a szakmai szervezetek az internetadó ellen. Published 29 October 2014: http://nol.hu/belfold/tiltakoznak-a-szakmaiszervezetek-az-internetado-ellen-1495303; Origo. (2014). Tiltakoznak a szakmai szervezetek az internetadó ellen. Published 28 October 2014: http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20141028-tiltakoznak-a-szakmaiszervezetek-az-internetado-ellen.html 651. European Commission. (2015). State aid: Commission opens two in-depth investigations into Hungary’s food chain inspection fee and tax on tobacco sales. Published 15 July 2015: http://europa.eu/rapid/ 652. Ibid. press-release_IP-15-5375_en.htm 653. Financial Times. (2015). Hungary threatens foreign companies in tax dispute. Published 19 July 2015: http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ b86018ca-2c7d-11e5-acfb-cbd2e1c81cca.html#axzz3oXuCqxjI 654. Ibid. 655. European Commission. (2011). Javaslat. A TANÁCS IRÁNYELVE a közös konszolidált társaságiadó-alapról (KKTA). 2011/0058 (CNS) Brussels. Published 16 March 2011. 656. Magyarország nem csatlakozik ahhoz a versenyképesség-növelő paktumhoz, amelyrol március 11-rol 12-re virradó éjszaka állapodtak meg az euróövezeti országok állam- és kormányfoi Brüsszelben” – szögezte le a héten Orbán Viktor miniszterelnök. Az ok a kormányfő megfogalmazásában az, hogy adóügyekben a megállapodás „óvatos ugyan, de egyértelmo az iránya”, ez pedig nem más, mint a társaságiadó-alapok harmonizációja. A versenyképességi paktum fennmaradó öt célkitozésével – többek között a nyugdíjak, a munkaeropiac vagy a költségvetési egyensúly kérdésében – a magyar kabinet teljes mértékben azonosulni tud, egy harmonizált társaságiadó-alap elfogadásával azonban a hazai gazdaság jelentosen veszítene növekedésébol, és elveszítené adópolitikájának a függetlenségét – szögezte le a miniszterelnök.” See: Világgazdaság. (2011). Adóalap: sokmilliárdos tét. Published 25 March 2011: http:// www.vg.hu/gazdasag/adozas/adoalap-sokmilliardos-tet-344334 657. Government of Hungary. Budapest rendezte az első Közép-Európai Regionális Fejlesztési Konferenciát. Published 20 July 2015: http://www. kormany.hu/hu/nemzetgazdasagi-miniszterium/hirek/budapest-rendezte-az-elso-kozep-europai-regionalis-fejlesztesi-konferenciat 658. The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2015). Business risks and opportunities in Hungary: http://www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/ files/Business%20risks%20and%20opportunities%20in%20Hungary. pdf 659. Ibid. 660. Government of Ireland. (2014). Competing in a Changing World: A Road Map for Ireland’s Tax Competitiveness. Published 14 October 2014: http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2015/Documents/Competing_Changing_World_Tax_Road_Map_final.pdf 661. The Journal.ie. (2014). Here’s Michael Noonan’s Budget 2015 speech in full. Published 14 October 2014: http://www.thejournal.ie/michaelnoonan-budget-speech-1722987-Oct2014/ 662. Christian Aid. (2015). Vast majority believe tax avoidance by multinationals to be morally wrong. Published 17 September 2015. Accessed 22 September 2015: http://linkis.com/www.christianaid.ie/jLNdv 663. Government of Ireland. (2014). Competing in a Changing World: A Road Map for Ireland’s Tax Competitiveness, op. cit. 664. See Debt and Development Coalition Ireland. (2014). Spillover Analysis – Possible effects of the Irish tax system on the global south economies. Published 20 June 2014: http://debtireland.org/download/pdf/ ddci_submission_spillover_analysis_200614_3.pdf 665. Philip Alston. (2015). Tax Policy is Human Rights Policy: The Irish Debate. Published 12 February 2015: http://www.christianaid.ie/images/ tax-policy-is-human-rights-policy-alston-philip.pdf 666. See Irish Times. (2014). US media reacts positively to ending of ‘double Irish’ scheme. Published 14 October 2014: http://www.irishtimes.com/ news/world/us/us-media-reacts-positively-to-ending-of-doubleirish-scheme-1.1963426 667. Government of Ireland. (2014). Competing in a Changing World: A Road Map for Ireland’s Tax Competitiveness, op. cit. 668. PwC. (2014). Irish Finance Bill 2014 clarifies grandfathering proposals for non-Irish residents, Tax Insights, Published 13 November 2014, Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.pwc.com/us/en/tax-services/publications/insights/assets/pwc-irish-finance-bill-2014-clarifies-grandfathering-proposals.pdf 669. Government of Ireland. (2014). Competing in a Changing World: A Road
Fifty Shades of Tax Dodging • 125 Map for Ireland’s Tax Competitiveness: http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2015/Documents/Competing_Changing_World_Tax_Road_Map_final.pdf 670. Ibid., pp.7-10. 671. Written Answer Number 90 – Tax Code, Minister for Finance Michael Noonan. See: Houses of the Oireachtas. (2015). Written answers nos. 82-91. Published 17 June 2015: http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas. ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/(indexlookupdail)/20150617~WRH?opendocument 672. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 673. See Irish Independent. (2014). State to ‘vigorously defend’ position as EC probes Apple’s tax deal. Published 12 June 2014: http://www. independent.ie/business/irish/state-to-vigorously-defend-positionas-ec-probes-apples-tax-deal-30347647.html 674. See RTE News. (2015). Apple’s tax probe by European Commission delayed. Published 5 May 2015: http://www.rte.ie/ news/2015/0505/698853-apple-tax/ 675. Written Answer Number 89 – Taxpayer Confidentiality, Minister Michael Noonan. See: Houses of the Oireachtas. (2015). Written answers nos. 82-91. Published 17 June 2015: http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/(indexlookupdail)/20150617~WRH?opendocument 676. European Parliament Special Tax Committee briefing for delegation visit to Ireland. 677. Written Answer Number 86 – Tax Data, Minister Michael Noonan. See: Houses of the Oireachtas. (2015). Written answers nos. 82- 91. Published 17 June 2015: http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas. ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/(indexlookupdail)/20150617~WRH?opendocument 678. European Commission. (2014). Statistics on APAs at the end of 2013, JTPF/007/2014/EN. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://ec.europa. eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/company_tax/ transfer_pricing/forum/final_apa_statistics_2013_en.pdf, p.1. 679. Written Answer Number 86 – Tax Data, Minister Michael Noonan. See: Houses of the Oireachtas. (2015). Written answers nos. 82- 91. Published 17 June 2015: http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas. ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/(indexlookupdail)/20150617~WRH?opendocument 680. OECD. (2015). Implementing the latest international standards for compiling foreign direct investments statistics: How Multinational Enterprises channel investments through multiple countries. Published February 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.oecd.org/ daf/inv/How-MNEs-channel-investments.pdf, p.3. 681. See http://sdw.ecb.europa.eu/reports.do?node=1000003622 682. See European Central Bank. (2015). Aggregated balance sheet of euro area financial vehicle corporations. Last updated 18 August 2015: http://www.pwc.ie/services/tax/international-tax/structured-finance. jhtml 683. International Tax Review. (2015). Irish tax regime for shipping operations. Published 20 March 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http:// www.internationaltaxreview.com/Article/3439665/Irish-tax-regime-for-shipping-operations.html 684. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 685. See Bloomberg View. (2014). Goodbye double Irish, hello knowledge box. Published 15 October 2014: http://www.bloombergview.com/ articles/2014-10-15/goodbye-double-irish-hello-knowledge-box 686. European Commission. (2015). Patent Boxes Design, Patent Location and Local R&D. Taxation Working Paper No. 57 – 2015: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/ economic_analysis/tax_papers/taxation_paper_57.pdf 687. See Irish Department of Finance. (2015). Department of Finance launches consultation process on knowledge development box. Published 14 January 2015: http://www.finance.gov.ie/news-centre/ press-releases/department-finance-launches-consultation-process-knowledge-development 688. An approach, advanced to the OECD by Germany and the UK after a dispute over patent box provisions, that would restrict ‘patent box’ tax incentives to companies with some degree of local research and development activities to try to limit the benefits of shifting patents and intellectual property that originate in other jurisdictions. See OECD. (2015). OECD/G20 Base Erosision and Profit Shifting Project. Action 5: Agreement on modified nexus approach for IP regimes: http:// www.oecd.org/ctp/beps-action-5-agreement-on-modified-nexus-approach-for-ip-regimes.pdf 689. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 690. Ibid. 691. Department of Finance. (2015). Knowledge Development Box: Feedback Statement, Published July 2015, Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.finance.gov.ie/sites/default/files/Knowledge%20Development%20Box%20%20Feedback%20Statement.pdf 692. See Irish Times. (2015). Budget 2016 – Main Points. Published 14 October 2015: http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/budget-2016- main-points-1.2389753 693. Revenue. (2015). Tax Treaties. Accessed 12 September 2015: http:// www.revenue.ie/en/practitioner/law/tax-treaties.html 694. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 695. Revenue. (2015). Tax Treaties, op. cit. 696. Treaty Pro. (2015). Latest Treaty Updates: Ireland. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.treatypro.com/treaties_by_country/ireland. asp 697. European Commission. (2015). Questionnaire for EU-PCD Report 2015: Contributions from Member States. Questionnaire filled out by the Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Accessed 12 September 2015: https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/devco/files/reply-ireland_en.pdf 698. Eurodad. 2014. Hidden Profits: The EU’s Role in supporting an unjust tax system in 2014: http://www.eurodad.org/files/pdf/54819867f1726. pdf, p.53. 699. Irish Aid response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – April 2015. 700. These include, according to analysis by ActionAid Ireland for a study to be published in late 2015: the limited provision for source-country taxing rights; allowance for company deductions against expenses; provisions limiting Zambian taxing rights on dividends, interest and royalties below domestic rates, and limiting remainder taxing rights; the absence of a Zambian entitlement to tax services and managements fees; establishment of a five-year treaty termination period; limited scope for source-country capital gains tax (while Zambia does not currently have a capital gains tax, the provision limits the impact the introduction of one would have in future in tackling tax avoidance); and, very importantly, the absence of an anti-abuse clause. 701. Government of Ireland. (2014). Competing in a Changing World: A Road Map for Ireland’s Tax Competitiveness. Published October 2014. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2015/Documents/Competing_Changing_World_Tax_Road_Map_final.pdf, p.10. 702. Christian Aid. (2015). Vast majority believe tax avoidance by multinationals to be morally wrong. Published 17 September 2015. Accessed 22 September 2015: http://linkis.com/www.christianaid.ie/jLNdv 703. Irish Examiner. (2015). Central Bank warns on money laundering. Published 24 June 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www. irishexaminer.com/business/central-bank-warns-on-money-laundering-338733.html 704. Central Bank of Ireland. (2015). Report on Anti-Money Laundering/ Countering the Financing of Terrorism and Financial Sanctions Compliance in the Irish Banking Sector. Accessed 12 September 2015: https://www.centralbank.ie/regulation/processes/anti-money-laun-
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