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126 • Fifty Shades of Tax Dodging dering/Documents/Report%20on%20Anti%20Money%20Laundering. pdf, p.4. 705. Central Bank of Ireland. (2015). Central Bank publishes report on Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism and Financial Sanctions Compliance in the Irish Banking Sector. Published 17 February 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.centralbank.ie/press-area/press-releases%5CPages%5CCentralBankpublishesreportonAnti-MoneyLaunderingCounteringtheFinancingofTerrorism.aspx 706. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 707. Central Bank of Ireland. (2015). Report on Anti-Money Laundering/ Countering the Financing of Terrorism and Financial Sanctions Compliance in the Irish Banking Sector. Accessed 12 September 2015: https://www.centralbank.ie/regulation/processes/anti-money-laundering/Documents/Report%20on%20Anti%20Money%20Laundering. pdf, p.13. 708. Central Bank of Ireland. (2015). Report on Anti-Money Laundering/ Countering the Financing of Terrorism and Financial Sanctions Compliance in the Irish Credit Union Sector”. Accessed 12 September: https://www.centralbank.ie/regulation/processes/anti-money-laundering/Documents/Report%20on%20Anti%20Money%20Laundering%20May%202015.pdf, p.5. 709. Written answer to Parliamentary Question 35267/14 – Money Laundering by Finance Minister Michael Noonan. See: KilareStreet.com. (2014). Written answers: Department of Finance. Money laundering. Published 23 September 2014: https://www.kildarestreet.com/wrans/?id=2014- 09-23a.358 710. Communication with Department of Finance officials as part of the research for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report. 711. Oireachtas. (2015). Public Accounts Committee Hearing – 12 March 2015 – Opening Statement, Revenue Chairman, Niall Cody. Published 12 March 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.oireachtas. ie/parliament/media/committees/pac/correspondence/2015-meeting1541203/PAC-R-1756---Opening-Statement-Revenue-Commissioners.pdf 712. Ibid. 713. See ICIJ. (2015). Swissleaks data. Accessed 22 May 2015: http://www. icij.org/project/swiss-leaks/explore-swiss-leaks-data 714. See Oireachtas. (2015). Correspondence re: revenue investigation of HSBC offshore accounts. Dated 24 February 2015: http:// www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/pac/correspondence/2015-meeting1541203/PAC-R-1732-Correspondence-3A.5---Revenue-Investigation-of-HSBC-Offshore-Accounts.pdf 715. Ibid. 716. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 717. Ibid. 718. Ibid. 719. Ibid. 720. See, for example, Irish Independent. (2015). EU probe poses fresh threat to our 12.5pc corporate tax rate. Published 16 March 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.independent.ie/business/eu-probe-poses-fresh-threat-to-our-125pc-corporate-taxrate-31069030.html & Business ETC. (2015). The EU is considering a minimum corporate tax rate, and that’s bad news for Ireland. Published 26 May 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://businessetc. thejournal.ie/eu-minimum-tax-rate-ireland-2125341-May2015/ 722. See Irish Department of Finance. (2014). Ireland is confident that there is no state aid rule breach. Published 11 June 2014: http://www. 721. Irish Times. (2015). Enda Kenny says Ireland opposes European corporate tax plan. Published 19 March 2015. Accessed 12 September 2015: http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/enda-kenny-says-ireland-opposes-european-corporate-tax-plan-1.2145777 finance.gov.ie/news-centre/press-releases/ireland-confident-thereno-state-aid-rule-breach 723. See Houses of the Oireachtas. (2015). Written answers nos. 82-91: state aid investigations. Published 17 June 2015: http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/ (indexlookupdail)/20150617~WRH?opendocument#WRH00950 724. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 725. European Commission. (2015). Questionnaire for EU-PCD Report 2015: Contributions from Member States. Questionnaire filled out by the Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Accessed 12 September 2015: https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/devco/files/reply-ireland_en.pdf 726. Irish Aid response to research questionnaire for Stop Tax Dodging Report – April 2015. 727. Irish Aid response to research questionnaire for Stop Tax Dodging Report – April 2015. 728. Department of Finance response to research questionnaire for 2015 Stop Tax Dodging Report – June 2015. 729. Government of Ireland. (2014). Competing in a Changing World: A Road Map for Ireland’s Tax Competitiveness: http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2015/Documents/Competing_Changing_World_Tax_Road_Map_final.pdf 730. Debt and Development Coalition Ireland. (2011). Driving the Getaway Car – Ireland, Tax and Development. Published March 2011: http:// www.debtireland.org/download/pdf/driving_the_getaway.pdf 731. International Business Times. (2014). Fisco, Renzi: “Finito il tempo dei furbi”. Ma il governo si prepara a depenalizzare. Published 27 November 2014: http://it.ibtimes.com/fisco-renzi-finito-il-tempo-dei-furbi-ma-il-governo-si-prepara-depenalizzare-1369892 732. Camera dei Deputati, Italian Parliament. (2014). Legge delega per un sistema fiscale più equo, trasparente ed orientato alla crescita. Law 23. Published 11 March 2014: http://www.camera.it/leg17/465?tema=la_delega_per_la_riforma_fiscale_e_assistenziale 733. Tax-News.com. (2015). Renzi promises extra EUR45bn in Italian tax cuts. Published 21 July 2015: http://www.tax-news.com/news/Renzi_Promises_Extra_EUR45bn_In_Italian_Tax_Cuts____68650.html 734. Excite/Economia & Lavoro. (2014). Umberto Tozzi evasore fiscale, condannato a 8 mesi in appello: 800mila euro sottratti al Fisco. Published 19 November 2014: http://finanza.excite.it/umberto-tozzi-evasore-fiscale-condannato-a-8-mesi-in-appello-800mila-euro-sottratti-al-fisco-N154585.html 735. Il Corriere della Sera. (2015). Gino Paoli indagato per evasione fiscale: “2 milioni di euro in Svizzera”. Published 19 February 2015: http://www. corriere.it/spettacoli/15_febbraio_19/blitz-finanza-casa-gino-paoliaccusato-evasione-fiscale-ded46934-b81f-11e4-8ec8-87480054a31d. shtml 736. Libero Quotidiano. (2015). Flavio Briatore, evasione fiscale: chiesti quattro anni di condanna. Published 12 May 2015: http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/italia/11788685/Flavio-Briatore--evasione-fiscale-.html 737. La Repubblica. (2014). Cannavaro, frode fiscale: sequestrati beni per 900 mila euro. Published 22 October 2014: http://www.repubblica.it/ sport/calcio/2014/10/22/news/cannavaro_frode_fiscale-98727442/ 738. Reuters. (2015). Italy prosecutors wrap up tax probe into Apple – sources. Published 23 March 2015. Accessed 27 September 2015: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/24/italy-apple-tax-idUSL6N- 0WP4LN20150324 739. RaiNews. (2015). Padoan: “Impegno del governo a ridurre la pressione fiscale”. Published 9 May 2015: http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/ar- ticoli/Padoan-Impegno-del-governo-a-ridurre-la-pressione-fiscale- 6400ca19-1edd-4e26-bdac-f8e4a73745fe.html 740. UNIL Université de Lausanne. (2013). Council of Europe. Annual Penal Statistics. Space I. Survey 2011. Published 3 May 2013: http://my.unil. ch/serval/document/BIB_196BB8D10F92.pdf
Fifty Shades of Tax Dodging • 127 741. ICIJ. (2015). Explore the Swiss Leaks Data. Published 8 February 2015: http://www.icij.org/project/swiss-leaks/explore-swiss-leaks-data 742. ICIJ. (2014). Explore the Documents: Luxembourg Leaks Database. Published 9 December 2014: http://www.icij.org/project/luxembourg-leaks/explore-documents-luxembourg-leaks-database 743. Tax-News.com. (2015). Italian Large Companies Saw 10 Percent Tax Cut In 2014. Published 29 July 2015: http://www.tax-news. com/news/Italian_Large_Companies_Saw_10_Percent_Tax_Cut_ In_2014____68726.html 744. Il Fatto Quotidiano. (2015). Fisco, Renzi allarga ancora le maglie. Soglie di punibilità più alte, multe ridotte. Published 27 June 2015: http:// www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/06/27/fisco-renzi-allarga-ancora-lemaglie-soglie-di-punibilita-piu-alte-e-multe-ridotte/1820397/ 745. Camera dei Deputati, Italian Parliament. (2015a). Schema di decreto legislativo recante disposizioni sulla certezza del diritto nei rapporti tra fisco e contribuente. Government Act 163. Published June 2013: http://www.camera.it/leg17/682?atto=163&tipoatto=Atto&leg=17&tab=1 746. Fisco Equo. (2015). Abuso del diritto, per Visco “Norme illogiche”. E sul raddoppio dei termini Greco ammonisce: “E’ un condono nascosto”. Published 22 May 2015: http://www.fiscoequo.it/2015/attualita/ item/1149-abuso-del-diritto-per-visco-norme-illogiche-e-sul-raddoppio-dei-termini-greco-ammonisce-e-un-condono-nascosto.html 747. PwC. (2015). Italian international tax legislation includes major changes to APA rollbacks, taxation of branches and transaction with tax havens. Published 7 May 2015: http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/tax/ newsletters/pricing-knowledge-network/assets/italy_-_international_tax_legislation_05062015.pdf, p.2. 748. Camera dei Deputati, Italian Parliament. (2015). Schema di decreto legislativo recante misure per la crescita e l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese”. Government Act 161. Published June 2015: http://www. camera.it/leg17/682?atto=161&tipoatto=Atto&leg=17&tab=1 749. PwC. (2015). Italian international tax legislation includes major changes to APA rollbacks, taxation of branches and transaction with tax havens, op. cit. 750. EY. (2015). Italy issues new black lists for cost deduction and CFC regimes. Published 3 April 2014: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLU- Assets/Italy_issues_new_black_lists_for_cost_deduction_and_CFC_ regimes/$FILE/2015G_CM5357_Italy%20issues%20new%20black%20 lists%20for%20cost%20deduction%20and%20CFC%20regimes.pdf; IOMToday. (2015). Isle of Man removed from Italian blacklist. Published 17 April 2015: http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/business/isle-of-manremoved-from-italian-blacklist-1-7215564; KPMG. (2015). Revised double tax treaty with Italy signed. Published 26 February 2015: http:// blog.kpmg.ch/revised-double-tax-treaty-italy-signed/; Accountancy Live. (2015). Italy clamps down on use of offshore tax havens. Accountancy Live. Published 3 May 2015: https://www.accountancylive.com/ italy-clamps-down-use-offshore-tax-havens 751. Il Fatto Quotidiano. (2015). Rientro dei capitali, partenza deludente. “Troppe incertezze e calcoli complessi”. Published 15 April 2015: http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/04/15/rientro-dei-capitali-partenza-deludente-troppe-incertezze-calcoli-complessi/1589158/ 752. European Commission (2014). A study on R&D tax incentives, op. cit. 753. European Commission. (2014). European Economy. Tax expenditures in direct taxation in EU Member States. Published December 2014: http:// ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/occasional_paper/2014/ pdf/ocp207_en.pdf 754. PwC. (2015). Italian international tax legislation includes major changes to APA rollbacks, taxation of branches and transaction with tax havens, op. cit. 755. European Commission. (2014). EU Joint Transfer Pricing Forum. Statistics on APAs at the end of 2013. Published October 2014: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/company_ tax/transfer_pricing/forum/final_apa_statistics_2013_en.pdf, p.2. 756. La Repubblica. (2015). Renzi come Juncker, via agli accordi delle imprese col Fisco. Published 13 January 2015: http://www.repubblica. it/economia/2015/01/13/news/renzi_come_juncker_via_agli_accordi_delle_imprese_col_fisco-104882256/ 757. Camera dei Deputati, Italian Parliament. (2015). Schema di decreto legislativo recante misure per la crescita e l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese”. Government Act 161. Published June 2015: http://www. camera.it/leg17/682?atto=161&tipoatto=Atto&leg=17&tab=1 758. International Tax Review. (2015). What Foreign Investors Need to Know about Italy’s draft “internationalisation decree”. Published 4 June 2015: http://www.internationaltaxreview.com/Article/3459752/What-foreign-investors-need-to-know-about-Italys-draft-internationalisation-decree.html 759. Marzulli.it. (2015). Il trust in Italia: http://www.il-trust-in-italia.it/ index.php?mod=area&mid=4 760. OECD. (2015). Implementing the latest international standards for compiling foreign direct investment statistics – How multinational enterprises channel investments through multiple countries. Published February 2015. Accessed 25 September 2015: http://www.oecd.org/ daf/inv/How-MNEs-channel-investments.pdf 761. Tax-News.com. (2015). Italian patent box to be implemented. Published 21 July 2015: http://www.tax-news.com/news/Italian_Patent_Box_To_ Be_Implemented____68767.html 762. IPSOA. (2015). Patent box: in attesa del decreto alcune riflessioni sul nexus approach. Published 7 May 2015: http://www.ipsoa.it/documents/fisco/imposte-dirette/quotidiano/2015/05/07/patent-box-in-attesa-del-decreto-alcune-riflessioni-sul-nexus-approach 763. Redazione Online Repubblica.it. (2015). Popolari, portabilità c/c, patent box e investimenti: le norme del decreto banche. La Repubblica. Roma. 24 March 2015: http://www.repubblica.it/economia/2015/03/24/news/ il_governo_stringe-110268936/ 764. Gazzetta Ufficiale. (2015). Legge 24 marzo 2015, n.33, conversione del decreto-legge 24 gennaio 2015, n.3 recante misure urgenti per il sistema bancario e gli investimenti. GU n.70, S.O. n.15. Roma. 25 March 2015: http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2015-03-24;33 765. Eurodad research. See Figure 4 and Table 5. The analysis has been conducted using a combination of data shared by ActionAid International, Martin Hearson of the London School of Economics and Political Science, from the International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation (IBFD) Tax Research Platform (http://online.ibfd.org/kbase/), and from the 15 European governments’ websites containing their tax treaties (links to all these websites can be found here: http://ec.europa.eu/ taxation_customs/taxation/individuals/treaties_en.htm). The data only covers treaties that entered into force in 1970 or later. The data reflects the information that was available until 20 September 2015. In a few instances it was not possible to determine the relevant information regarding the statutory withholding tax rates or the rates contained in the treaties due to lack of publicly available information or language barriers. In such cases the treaties were either omitted from the calculation of the average rate reduction (as was the case with a treaty between France and Malawi) or additional information was sourced from the following two websites: http://www.treatypro.com/ and http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/ Tax/dttl-tax-withholding-tax-rates-2015.pdf. The category ‘developing countries ‘ covers the countries that fall into the World Bank’s categories of low-income, lower-middle income and upper-middle income countries (which covers the span of GNI per capita from $0 to $12,735. Please refer to: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lendinggroups). 766. Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze. Convenzioni per evitare le doppie imposizioni. Published 27 January 2015: http://www.finanze.it/ export/finanze/Per_conoscere_il_fisco/fiscalita_Comunitaria_Internazionale/convenzioni_e_accordi/convenzioni_stipulate.htm 767. Ibid. 768. ENI. Eni signs cooperation agreement with Republic of Congo and reaffirms its historic commitment to the country. Press release. Published 20 July 2014: http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2014/07/2014-07-20-congo.shtml?shortUrl=yes
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