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96 CHAPTER 5 Controversy, 1975–1991 AIRCRAFT During the period 1975–1991, NASA research aircraft appeared with a variety of insignia and, for the first time, an increased number of logos that identified partners and sponsors for research projects. Many of the paint schemes were chosen to enhance the visibility of the vehicle as well as airflow over and around its surfaces. FIGURE 5-8. The NASA F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) had a special black finish to enhance visual analysis of flow characteristics over the airplane at high angles of attack. The NASA logotype insignia and the aircraft’s NASA identification number were therefore painted in a nonstandard white color. (NASA EC92-10231-2) FIGURE 5-9. The NASA logotype insignia was displayed on the vertical tail of the X-29 research aircraft in 1990. The vehicle also displayed the names of NASA’s partners including Grumman, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the U.S. Air Force. (NASA EC92-10231-2)
CHAPTER 5 Controversy, 1975–1991 97 FIGURE 5-10. The Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Technology (HiMAT) remotely piloted vehicle exhibited the NASA logotype insignia during its research program at the Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility in 1980. (NASA EC-14281) FIGURE 5-11. As might be expected, during the decade following the introduction of the NASA logotype insignia, aircraft markings at various NASA facilities involved a mixture of old and new logos. Observers were often confused by scenes of non-uniformity in NASA markings in photographs, at airshows, and during other public events. Here, a formation flight of Dryden F-15 and F-104 aircraft in 1980 shows the differences in NASA markings commonly encountered at the time. (NASA EC80-14126) FIGURE 5-12. During the age of the logotype, several aircraft retained the meatball insignia. Here NASA’s F-106B research aircraft performs a flight above NASA Langley Research Center in 1979. The aircraft was used by Langley for storm hazard (lightning strike) and vortex-flap flight research studies. (NASA L79-7204.1)
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EMBLEMS OF EXPLORATION Logos of the
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iv Contents CHAPTER 3 A New Agency,
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x Acknowledgments Many active and r
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